Workplace Safety in Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workplace Safety in Engineering - Research Paper Example fety cover a lot of areas like safety of the machines used in any industry, safety of the electronic components used in engineering related companies, safety of the warehouses in companies, safety of office and various equipment used in the office, safety of the suppliers who supplies raw material to the company, safety of the employees and health insurance cover, safety of the contractor involved in the projects and company, safety of and processes. Improving workplace safety may benefit employees’ productivity and create positive energy at work. Therefore, companies should have effective workplace safety programs, solid workplace policies, powerful HES, and facts. Workplace safety is important because it gives the employees the motivation to work owing to the fact that their health is given importance. Everyone at the workplace wants to be guaranteed safety for their lives. In fact, companies should organize programs to ensure the health of employees is never put at stake, especially for jobs that involve high level of risk. There should be strict safety policies and measures for jobs that expose employees to high health risk. Safety programs are aimed at educating employees how to react to probable risks and how to manage them when they occur. Companies should implement clear workplace safety policies and conduct regular safety training for employees in order to ensure that safety standards are adhered to by all employees the companies should manage employees’ health safety by following safety management programs rules. In engineering major, a lot of work has been done to ensure safe workplace for engineers. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) was designed to test the delivery model and give advice on workplace safety. The HSE has goals and aims that are focused towards achieving engineering workplace safety. HSE evaluates the workplace safety through different sides and every year produces a report generated showing what changes were made and how much has

Regulatory Requirements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Regulatory Requirements - Essay Example vidual to be allowed to fly the unmanned aircraft, they need to undergo private pilots training, acquire an operator’s license, have authorization from FAA and also have a bit of experience in unmanned aircrafts due to the work they carry out. This process of certification is determined by the FAA. UAS pilots are more educated and require more experience in flying because the kind of work they carry out is official (research, survey and even law enforcement) unlike the operators who only fly for recreational purposes and hence only require basic flying skills and an operator’s certificate. A UAS pilot requires pilot certification on top of the operator’s certificate and should be approved by FAA. Both the UAS pilot and the operator require basic flying skills and a certificate before they can allowed to fly despite them having different chores. An operator does not however require skills to operate the radio-controlled model. On the other hand, a UAS pilot requires a private license of a pilot, aviation knowledge and even skills specific to flying the unmanned aircraft. An operator is regulated to fly only model aircrafts and not any other aircraft that has more power or is more complicated than that as they lack skills. They are mandated to only carry passengers requiring educational or recreation trips and nothing else. As for the UAS pilots, they take their orders from FAA and should fly only on areas that are unpopulated unless given special approval by the

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 34

Philosophy - Essay Example He believed that it was up to every person to contemplate and search into his soul to find out who he or she was. Except for very rare instances cited by a few historians, he hardly ever worked. He also never wrote. He prided himself on the questions he asked. Even this is not entirely true. He didn’t pride himself on anything. He never offered answers. One of his most famous sayings is:†I know that I know nothing.† This is a whole complex issue known as the â€Å"Socratic Problem.† Socrates was extremely cynical and many of his sayings were paradoxical because they contradicted common sense. Some of these are: â€Å"No one desires evil.† "No one errs or does wrong willingly or knowingly." "Virtue—all virtue—is knowledge." "Virtue is sufficient for happiness." "I know that I know nothing noble and good† (Irwin, 64). But by far his most famous saying is â€Å"I only know that I know nothing.† Plato wrote a series entitled Socratic Dialogues (The Republic, Apology of Socrates, etc.) in which he presented discussions between Socrates and other contemporary philosophers and between Socrates and his many students. As the only source of Socrates’ philosophical beliefs is Plato’s writings, it is difficult to distinguish those of Socrates’ beliefs from those of Plato. There are those who believe that Plato did, in fact, have his own philosophical orientation. There is controversy among scholars over what these were because of the difficulty of separating Socrates from Plato in Plato’s dialogues. Consequently, distinguishing the philosophical beliefs of Socrates from those of Plato and Xenophon is not easy and it must be remembered that what is attributed to Socrates might more closely reflect the specific concerns of these thinkers. The matter is complicated because the historical Socrates seems to have been notorious for asking questions but not answering them, claiming to lack wisdom concerning the subjects

Terms Ap Us History Essay Example for Free

Terms Ap Us History Essay Sea Dogs-roving English ships that plundered Spanish treasure ships (1560s) St. Augustine–fort Spain created in Florida 1565 to protect the route of its treasure fleet against English ships, French settlers, hostile Indians (1st permanent Euro. settlement in US) Comprehensive Orders for New Discoveries-new policy Spanish leaders introduced after military setbacks to pacify Indians by Christianizing missionaries not conquistadores (1573) Ecomenderos-privelaged spanish landowners in NM, who were allowed by the Franciscans to utilize the goods and forced labor of Indians and their land Popà ©-an Indian shaman, who killed and drove away Spaniards (destroying Spanish churches etc) with his followers in 1680 Samuel de Champlain-founder of the fur-trading post Quebec (1608), first permanent French colony). Colony did badly until 1662 when it was turned to royal colony Robert de La Salle-fur trader who in 1681 traveled down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico to found Louisiana (and ultimately New Orleans). Traveled so far from Great Lakes/New France region to get rive by taking advantage of of remote Indians who did not know value of their furs Henry Hudson-An English mariner sent by Dutch merchants in 1609 to find a navigable route to East Indies/riches. Explored rivers of the NE (esp. Hudson River) and found plentiful furs Fort Orange-Dutch merchants founded this fur-trading post (now Albany) in 1614 after following H. Hudsons exploration to trade for furs with the Iroquois West India Company-chartered by Dutch government in 1621 and set up New Netherland colony and New Amsterdam (Manhattan) as capital, brining in farmers/artisans to make sustainable. Later acted independently, ignoring New Netherland to profit in other colonies Governor Peter Stuyvesant-governor of New Amsterdam who ruled in authoritarian way by alienating colonys diverse residents and ignoring representation demands. Anglo-Dutch War-series of wars fought between the Dutch and the English in the 1600s and 1700s over control of the seas and trade routes. Early wars confirmed the Dutch Republics position as the leading maritime country and its domination of world trade until the early 1700s. Virginia Company-London company of investors granted all land by King James I of England from NC to NY (1606). Directors named land Virginia and in 1607 group of male traders (no farming experience) settled area of Jamestown with intention of obtaining gold (there was no gold). More than half of first settlers died from voyage, disease, famine. Later encouraged migration by granting free settlers land. Powhatan-chief of local tribes who treated the English traders as potential (trade) allies, and essentially saved them from total famine when he gave them corn (in exchange got metal tools/guns). Saved life of Captain John Smith from his brother Opechancanough. John Rolfe-an English colonist that married Powhatans daughter Pocahontas under his arrangement (diplomatic effort by Powhatan). Rolfe imported tobacco seed from West Indies, producing a profitable and in-demand crop in Europe––spurred migration of thousands of English settlers establishing plantations, and consequently invading Indian land. House of Burgesses-system of representative government in VA issued as a charter from the Virginia Company (1619). Could make laws and levy taxes, but governor/company council in England could veto its acts. Opechancanough-Powhatans brother and successor who attacked the early English invaders (captured Capt. John Smith). Stayed distant from English and refused all treaties while Powhatan chief. Became chief 1621, wanted to wipe out all of Englishmen (land-hungry and conversion minded). Started Indian War of 1622 when killed 1/3 of white English in surprise attack, who then brutally punished Indians and declared perpetual war that lasted 10 years. Privy Council-a committee of political advisers to King James I, who made it a requirement that all legislation passed by the new VA governor and his advisory council of the House of Burgesses (formed in 1624 when King James I revoked VA Companys charter and made VA a royal colony b/c of Indian uprising) had to be ratified by them. Toleration Act of 1649-Lord Baltimore persuaded the assembly (of MD) to pass this act––which protected his fellow Catholics (who had become a minority to the surging Protestants in Marlyand) and granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services. Maryland was no a colony of Christian religious freedom. Freeholds-Small family-farmed (tobacco) plantations that were the main source of tobacco in the Chesapeake region in the early part of the tobacco boom (1620s). Indentured Servant-poor whites in England who were impoverished and abused in Englands city poorhouses who there were displaced to the cities after the go vernment enclosed their lands in the countryside. They wanted to settle in the colonies to obtain land and economic opportunity (social mobility), so to pay for their passage over they signed indentures from merchants (who would sell them to planters) that said they would work as a servant on a plantation for 4-5 years and then were free. Many died en route or were abused to death on plantations, and only 25% actually acquired land and success afterwards. Black Codes-laws enforced by Chesapeake planters to limit the freedom and severely restrict rights of African workers in the colonies (like owning guns, traveling). These codes made slavery legal, and encouraged racist ideas to differentiate poor whites from blacks, elevating them and make slaves inferior beings (all because slave importation skyrocketed when tobacco boom crashed). Navigation Acts-passed by English Parliament in early 1660s as the main device of mercantilist policy in England (wanted to exclusively capitalize on their American colonies raw materials and market for manufactured goods), they prevented colonists from selling tobacco to all countries besides the English (lost money from Dutch), and all tobacco went to England where there were higher import duties. Consequently tobacco prices fell and planters were forced to use the cheaper labor of black slaves, and political problems resulted in the Chesapeake colonies. Governor William Berkeley-royal Governor of Virginia (Jamestown) who was instructed to run the colony only for the benefit of England (1642-1652). He was part of, and favored the planter-merchant elite. Corrupt: to win support in House of Burgesses bribed officials with land grants and took vote away from landless freemen (50% of white pop.). Increased the already growing disparities in wealth and status among VA population. Nathaniel Bacon-a wealthy farmer (was on governors council), he was a leader of colonial frontiersmen in western deep Virginia (west). Like other poorer farming frontiersmen, was angered over Gov. Berkeleys inability to protect western VA frontier land (like his own) from Indian attacks; also angry at the rights and corruption of VAs wealthy inner circle. Bacon’s Rebellion-1676, Nathaniel Bacon led other fellow poor frontiersmen on Indian raids because they were being attacked by Indians. The poor frontiersmen were all angry at the tobacco monopoly that the elite eastern planters had, that they lost their voting rights, and that they were overtaxed. Gained popularity with his Indian raids. Seen as a Martyr when he was arrested by Berkeley and was freed by yeomen. He and forces burned Jamestown, but when he died Berkeley violently crushed rebellion with British military aid. Made colonies turn away from indentured servant labor and toward slave labor. Manifesto and Declaration of the People William Bradford-Puritan who led Puritans and migrants from England (102) to America in 1620 aboard the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, in SE MA. While en route, he said they lacked a royal charter from England, and issued the Mayflower Compact. Mayflower Compact-issued by William Bradford aboard Mayflower to migrants/Puritans which coalesced the migrants (just wanting to go to VA for economic opportunity) with the Puritans (wanting to be independent and free of Protestant VA) by declaring they would live in a civil body politick using the Puritans self-governing congregation to shape their political structure. John Winthrop-Well-educated Puritan country squire who led the exodus of Puritans from England in 1630 (they were being persecuted against by Catholic King Charles I), to set up govern the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Boston). He declared to his people we shall be as a City upon a Hill. He meant that God had chosen them to be a shining example and hope for all (Christian) religions, like those in what he considered to be a morally corrupt England, wanted to inspire religious reform throughout the Christian world. Massachusetts Bay-Colony established and governed by John Winthrop 1630, who led exodus of Puritans from a morally corrupt England where his people were being persecuted, sought to create a New England that was a reformed Christian society. Colony was a representative political body with an assembly, and made Puritanism the sole state religion (no other religions allowed), only church members could vote/hold office. Used Bible as legal guide, and embraced simple Christian principles––churches were controlled by the people (congregationalist) with no hierarchy and were meetinghouses. These Puritans believed in predestination (John Calvin), a doctrine that God chose only a select few individuals for salvation before they were born. Many sought a born again experience. Because they thought they were chosen as a city upon a hill, they felt the right to seize Indian lands. Roger Williams-Roger Williams was a Puritan minister who opposed congregationalism, praised the separation of church and state, advocated religious tolerance (the government didnt have authority over spiritual lives), and didnt believe in Puritans seizure of Indian land. These were all opposite views than the status quo of Mass. Bay. In 1636, he was banished so he led his followers to settle the town of Providence (Rhode Island) the land he bought from Indians. Got a charter from Parliament in 1644 to establish the colony of Rhode Island (complete religious freedom). Anne Hutchinson-A Mass. Bay wife who held weekly prayer meetings for women, she preached controversial and differing views: she believed salvation could not be achieved through good deeds, people only bestowed by God through the covenant of grace. She said that God spoke his divine truth directly to individuals, not through the church. As a woman with considerable influence, she was banished in 1637, for her heretical views and as a threat to the superiority of men in the Puritan church. Joined Roger Williams in RI. Thomas Hooker-Puritan pastor who brought some Puritans to the Connecticut River Valley in 1636 and established the town of Hartford (left NE because of differing views and search for better farmland). Connecticut became royal colony in 1660 with charter from King Charles II. Had a legally established church but granted voting rights to all land-owning men. Cotton Mather-A popular Puritan theologian who believed in supernatural forces, that unusual events were the power displayed by God or Satan. Lead to the Salem Witch Trials. Spectral Evidence-The evidence allowed by judges at the accused witches trials (in the Salem Witch Trials), which was visions of evil beings and marks seen only by the girls (who suffered supernatural seizures). Praying Towns-Indian villages that Puritan ministers like John Eliot turned into intensely Christian communities by 1670 in efforts to convert Indians. The 1000 Indian residents lost their independence and culture, and new native form of Christianity were made by traditional spiritual beliefs incorporated into churches. Metacom-Chief of the Wampanoags who with two other tribes staged a rebellion in 1675-1676, attacking white settlements all over New England in hopes to finally expel the Europeans. He knew coexistence was unlikely and was angry that NE colonists restricted their trade and accused them of many violations. Had they not run out of gunpowder, the rebellion might have been a success. The NE colonies losses were significant, as some places lost 5% of their population; but Indians lost 25% of their population and the three tribes (Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks) displaced/retreated west to the backcountry.

Jane Eyre Elements of Fairy Tale

Jane Eyre Elements of Fairy Tale Jane Eyre as a Fairy Tale The fairy tale master plots of rags to riches and good versus evil are recurring themes throughout stories from many different cultures. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, can be likened to a fairy tale, as certain elements of the master plot of the story, as it contains certain aspects of traditional fairy tale stories, such as Briar Rose and Cinderella. Jane Eyre was one of the first books with a female author that was widely read by the literate public. Since its first publication it has become part of the literary canon and continues to be the basis of discussion and debate among scholars even today, over a century after it was written. Jane Eyre is similar to many fairy tales due to the fact that there are elements of traditional fairy tale master plots, such as rags to riches, good versus evil and a lost love found again; and, ultimately, the implication of this is that the reader has a good idea that the novel will end with the traditional fairy tale ending of the characters living â€Å"happily ever after†. Many fairy tales, such as Cinderella involve a main character who is suffering and in order to escape their suffering they use their imagination as an escape. In Cinderella the singing birds and talking mice are all examples of how she uses her imagination to escape the world that imprisons her (Cinderella). Jane’s experience in the red room reminds the reader that imagination is very important to Jane, as it is a way for her to escape the realities of her everyday life. The narrative that Jane creates also has a mythological element to it as she mixes the realistic aspects of her life with fantasy. We see the first instance of this as Jane sits nervously in the red-room and imagines a gleam of light shining on the wall; for her, this indicates a vision from another world (Bronte 25). Throughout the book, the appearance of supernatural incidents such as the one in the red room, usually occur before there is a big change in Jane’s life. As Jane’s departure from Ga teshead was marked by her pseudo-supernatural experience in the red-room, her movement away from Lowood also has a fairy tale component. As Jane is contemplating what would be the best way for her to gain new employment, she is visited by a â€Å"kind fairy† who gives her specific advice to place an advertisement in a local paper (Bronte 101). Jane takes the fairy’s advice and places the ad in the paper with responses addressed to J.E.; through the newspaper Jane is offered the job at Thornfield and soon after accepts the position. These different paranormal experiences of Jane, share many elements with stories such as Cinderella, where the fairy God mother of Cinderella makes it possible for her to attend the kings ball and provides the necessary components for her to change her circumstances. Jane’s rise from a poor orphan girl to a rather wealthy lady who has inherited a fortune from her unknown family members is another example of fairy tale elements that are present in the book. Whether it be Cinderella or any other rags to riches fairy tale, the idea of coming form nothing and ending up rich is an overarching theme throughout many fairy tales. In addition to being wealthy, the character also tends to find true love as part of the good luck that has been bestowed upon them. We see this to be the fact, as Jane ends up with her â€Å"Prince Charming† in Rochester and goes on to get married and lives happily together. The love story element in Jane Eyre is another example of how the story shares elements with the traditional fairy tale genre. Bronte emphasizes the idea that Jane and Rochester are an example â€Å"true lovers† by creating an almost mythical scene for their first meeting (Bronte 128). Her association of Rochester’s horse and dog with the mythical Gytrash places their initial meeting in an almost fairytale-like setting. Later, Rochester reveals that at this initial meeting, he thought Jane was a fairy who had bewitched his horse, and he repeatedly refers to her as a sprite or elfin character, claiming the â€Å"men in green† are her relatives. At the end of the novel, when Jane returns to Rochester, the reunion between the two of them has another fairy tale like element. As she is about to accept St. John’s proposal of marriage, Jane experiences a sensation as â€Å"sharp, as strange, as shocking† similar to an electric shock (Bronte 466). Afterward s, she hears Rochester’s voice call her name; the voice comes from nowhere, speaking â€Å"in pain and woe, wildly, eerily, urgently† (Bronte 466). So powerful is this voice that Jane cries, â€Å"I am coming,† and runs out the door into the garden, but she discovers no sign of Rochester (Bronte 467). Although Jane dismisses the voice of Rochester that she heard as not being witchcraft or some other form of the devil, she feels that it is the natural environment trying its very best to help her and Rochester to come together and continue their relationship, Rochester feels that Jane’s answer to him is echoing around him. Through the use of incidents such as this, Bronte makes it very apparent to us that Rochester and Jane are not just ordinary lovers, but are the archetypes of ideal lovers that are often brought forth in stories and in particular fairy tale stories. Very often the archetypes of lovers can be found in fairy tales such as Briar Rose and Cin derella. In Briar Rose the Prince is portrayed as being the one true love for the Princess as the hedge surrounding the castle allowed only him to pass through, to find and save his true love (Grimm 18). The stories Briar Rose and Cinderella end up with the Prince saving the princess and the two of them living happily ever after, Jane Eyre also ends in a similar way with Jane and Rochester getting married. The discovery, followed by the loss of some great love is an element that is present in Cinderella and is also present in Jane Eyre. In Cinderella, she is able to attend the ball and find her true love, however she has to leave by midnight and she leaves the Prince behind (Cinderella). The prince doesn’t stop looking for her though and is able to find his true love again by finding the woman whose foot fit the glass slipper, when he finds her they are married and live happily ever after (Cinderella). The relationship between Jane and Rochester is similar to Cinderella, as Jane runs away but in the end find each other again, end up getting married and as far as the reader knows live â€Å"happily ever after†. Throughout Jane Eyre, the element of the fairy tale master plot is present and by using the master plot, Bronte creates a new style of story. Bronte blends the realistic aspects of the Victorian era life of Jane with the somewhat unrealistic elements from fairy tales like Briar Rose and Cinderella. In the end, the implication of using the fairy tale master plot throughout the novel, means that the reader will be able to expect that story to follow a certain pattern and to end with the traditional â€Å"happily ever after†. The end of the novel finishes with the marriage of Jane and Rochester and the two of them being very happy together which is what the reader has come to expect from the use of elements of the fairy tale master plot. Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. London: Penguin Group, 2003. Cinderella. Dir. Clyde Geronimi and Wilfred Jackson. 1950. DVD. Disney 2005. Grimms, Jakob and Wilhelm. Little Briar Rose. Online Posting. Kelowna BC: U. British Columbia Okanagan. 30Oct. 2007

Curbing crime against women

Curbing crime against women CURBING CRIME AGAINST WOMEN INTRODUCTION Despite existence of a number of special legislations for providing protection to women, the proportion of crime against women has deteriorated. Women continue to be victims of various types of crimes. Although Women may be victims of any of the crimes such as ‘Murder, ‘Robbery, ‘Cheating, etc, only the crimes which are directed specifically against Women are characterised as ‘Crimes Against Women. These are broadly classified under two categories. The Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) Kidnapping Abduction for different purposes (Sec. 363 373 IPC) Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC) Torture, both mental and physical (Sec. 498-A IPC) Molestation (Sec. 354 IPC) Sexual Harassment (Sec. 509 IPC) Importation of girls (upto 21 years of age) (Sec. 366-B IPC) The Crimes under the Special Local Laws (SLL) Although all laws are not gender specific, the provisions of law affecting women significantly have been reviewed periodically and amendments carried out to keep pace with the emerging requirements. The gender specific laws for which crime statistics are recorded throughout the country are Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 The Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act, 1979 Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 Commission of Sati (Prevention) LITERATURE REVIEW Life in Delhi turns a daily nightmare for women from North-East New Delhi:The capital city of India has become a daily nightmare for women from the North-East of the country who are here to study or for work. A close study of reports shows that the community of about 100,000 people from the north-eastern states is under threat – virtually any day, any time – of assault, molestation, or murder. As many as 16 severe cases of molestation, rape and other forms of extreme cruelty perpetuated in Delhi against people from the North-East have been recorded so far in 2009. And, 4 of these incidents took place in the last two weeks. The worst cases of recent atrocities against people from the North-East staying in Delhi include the murder by Pushpam Kumar Sinha, 34, of a young girl from Manipur; molestation of a girl from Arunachal by school boys; molestation of a girl from Nagaland; and assault on a couple from Nagaland. On October 24, 2009, Pushpam Sinha, 34, a PhD scholar working at the India Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, assaulted and strangled to death Ramchanphy Hongray, the 19-year-old girl who is his neighbour, in her home in south Delhi. The man then burnt the girls face in order to mislead the police. At Sarojini Nagar in Delhi, on October 12, a girl from the North-East was dragged into a van. However, the presence of mind of the victim, who is an employee of a 5-star hotel, saved her life. After the girl raised a hue and cry, passersby caught hold of one of the assailants and beat him up. On October 17, a couple from Nagaland was assaulted by some young men, who were allegedly drunk, at Safdarjung Enclave. The same day, a 5-year-old girl from the North-East was allegedly molested by her tuition teacher. Earlier, in April 2009, a girl aged 6, was raped and murdered by her neighbour. The girls body was later fished out from a water tank nearby. These terrifying incidents have prompted YS Dadwal, Delhi Police Commissioner, to call for a ‘zero-tolerance policy towards any crime committed against women from the North-East. He has ordered that crimes committed against people from the North-East be given top priority, and asked 3 Deputy Commissioners from east, south and north Delhi to act as nodal officers for the safety of women. However, many members of the North-East community complain that the police have been slow to act. According to Madhu Chandra, spokesman for the North-East Support Centre and Helpline, a help centre for the youth from the north-eastern states living in Delhi and the National Capital region (NCR), there have been several cases of atrocities, but police are doing little about them and demanded that the Delhi government act sternly to check these incidents. About 4,000 students from the North-East take admission to various courses in Delhi University (DU) each year, and for them, every day in Delhi is like a nightmare, Madhu Chandra says. A survey conducted by the North-East Support Centre and Helpline has revealed that 86% (or about 86,000) people hailing from the north-eastern states and living in Delhi face some sort of discrimination or the other â€Å"on a daily basis.† The North-East Support Centre alleges that nearly half the number of women sexually harassed in Delhi and neighbourhood is from the North-East. He says that the Northeast Support Centre and Helpline is â€Å"flooded with complaints related to sexual harassment.† Most members of the north-eastern community are not happy with the police. Kamakshi Sinha, who hails from Assam and doing her undergraduate course in Delhi University, says that that the police circular is â€Å"just a piece of paper.† She complains that people in Delhi call them ‘Chinky and such other derogatory names, and the policemen ridicule them when they go to the police station to lodge a complaint. Another female student of Delhi University says that most girls from the North-East are even scared of approaching the police. â€Å"Police do not respond to our pleas, and we are treated like outcasts,† she laments. Meanwhile, Rahul Gandhi, MP and Congress general secretary, has said he will totally cooperate with the North-East Students Union in its efforts to curb the increasing menace of crime against both men and women the north-eastern states. Rahul Gandhi gave this assurance to a team of members of the North-East Students Union which met him to seek his support and intervention in the matter. ARTICLE:2 NCW gives wake-up call to curb crime against women Puneet Nicholas Yadav / DNA Thursday, January 15, 2009 2:27 IST New Delhi:Its a cry to check the rise in crime against women across the country, aptly titled, Jaago (wake up). The National Commission for Women (NCW) plans to soon initiate its nationwide Jaago campaign, to sensitise policemen and civil society about crime against women. The commission will shortly invite representatives of corporates, educational institutions and BPO companies to discuss the safety and security arrangements for women employees. The campaign is likely to be launched on January 16.The decision to initiate the campaign came days after a 22-year-old MBA student was allegedly gang-raped by 10 men in Noida. Girija Vyas, chairperson of the NCW said, Though the year 2007-2008 was a year of women achievers, it was also the year of crime against women. Horrific cases of rapes and molestation came to light in the year. The NCW received shocking complaints from across the country such as the rape of a 72-year-old woman and another rape case of a four-year-old girl. The recent Noida gang-rape incident was equally appalling. There is an urgent need to address the issue of crime against women and the Jaago campaign intends to do that. As part of the campaign, the NCW is tying up with several schools, NGOs and other groups to spread awareness about violence against women. The campaign would also address other issues such as checking harassment of women at workplace, molestation, women safety besides sensitising cops about dealing with women victims and accused. Vyas also agreed that there was a need to educate people in rural areas where theres an immense need to sensitise the people about womens rights and checking violence against women. The NCW chief quoted statistics based on complaints filed with the NCW and records available with the National Crime Records Bureau to establish how crimes against women had been on the rise in the country and specifically in UP. ARTICLE : 3 RECOVERY FUNDS AVAILABLE TO HELP CURB VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, IMPROVE VICTIM SERVICES HARRISBURG, Pa., Sept. 9 The Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency issued the following news release: Approximately $4 million in federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding is available to support and strengthen services to women who are victims of violent crime, the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency said today. The STOP Violence Against Women, or STOP/VAWA, Formula Grant Program also works to improve the criminal and juvenile justice systems response to violence against women. Interested applicants, including domestic violence and sexual assault programs, state organizations and counties, may apply through PCCDs Egrants system by October 6. Bill to curb crime against women soon EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE MUMBAI, JULY 18: The state government will soon bring in a legislation to curb crime against women, Deputy Chief Minister Chhagan Bhujbal announced in the Legislative Assembly today.Replying to supplementaries over a calling attention notice moved by Sudhir Munguntiwar (BJP) and others on burning of a bank employee Vidya Prabhudesai near Mumbai Central last month, Bhujbal also announced that a committee of women legislators would be formed to suggest measures for prevention and control of crime against women. A committee headed by Additional Chief Secreatry (Home) M R Patil had prepared drafts of two legislations Maharashtra Women Security Act and Maharashtra Prevention of Harassment of Girls Act. However, it was later decided to formulate a single comprehensive bill instead of two different bills on the same issue, Bhujbal told the House.Accordingly, the committee has been asked to prepare the draft within two months, he said. Munguntiwar asked if the government would form a committee of the woman MLAs for the purpose. Bhujbal said the government had appointed the Commissioner for Women and Child Welfare and a representative of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, who were well aware of the problems of women, as members on the committee. Further, the draft of the proposed legislation would be referred to the woman legislators for studying it and the amendments suggested by them would be incorporated. Irked over the reply, Vishakha Raut (Sena) protested against the Deputy Chief Ministers attitude towards women legislators and demanded immediate formation of the committee of women legislators. She was followed by other women members of Sena-BJP, who shouted slogans against the government. Finally, Bhujbal said that the government would fulfil the demand of the women legislators. On an another occasion, members of opposition Sena-BJP rushed to the well protesting against the ruling of the Deputy Speaker Pramod Shende on withdrawing a calling attention notice from the days agenda. The notice was moved by Opposition members on arrest of a person allegedly linked to `Lashkar-e-Toyba, a terrorist organisation, in Nanded. Gopinath Munde (BJP) sought to know why the government failed to gather information on the issue on time. Minister of state for home Manikrao Thakre said the notice was also related to arrest of terrorists in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Since the information from the two neighbouring states was not received, the government requested the presiding officer to take up the notice for discussion on Wednesday. RESEARCH METHODELOGY PRIMEARY DATA SAMPLING I had visited Delhi (west) and interviewed about 30 women (working + college going girls student) from where I came to know about different aspect of crime which are prominent there like rape ,sexual harassment, importation of girls and many more . They also suggested different way to stop this or to minimise it. After this I visited 30 more women in same area ask them to fill questioner. SECONDARY DATA Reported Incidents of crime (Incidence†¦1,54,333) A total of 1,54,333 incidents of crime against women were reported in the country during 2008 as compared to 1,40,601 during 2007 recording 9.8% increase during 2008. These crimes had reported an increase of 1.7% in 2001 over 2000 (from 1,41,373 cases in 2000 to 143,795 cases in 2001) and declined during 2002 and 2003 with 1,43,034 and 1,40,601 cases followed again by an increase during 2004. Andhra Pradesh, accounting for nearly 7.3 per cent of the countrys population, has accounted for 12.3% of total incidents of crime against women in the country by reporting 18,921 cases. Uttar Pradesh, with nearly 16.4% share of countrys population has accounted for 10.0% of total crime against women by reporting 15,485 cases during the year. Crime Rate (Crime rate†¦ 14.2) The rate of crime has increased by 7.6 per cent from 13.2 during the year 2007 to 14.2 during 2008. Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh were top three States in the order of crime rate at 24.1, 24.0 and 23.5 respectively. Crime head-wise analysis (IPC) Rape (Incidence†¦18,233 Rate†¦1.7) Rape cases have reported mixed trends over last 5 years with a decrease of 2.5 per cent in 2004 over 2003, an increase of 1.8 per cent in 2005 over 2004, a decrease of 3.2 per cent in the year 2007 over 2006 and substantial increase of 15.0 per cent in the current year. Madhya Pradesh has reported the highest number of Rape cases (2,875) accounting for 15.8% of total such cases reported in the country. However, Tripura has reported the highest crime rate 4.8 as compared to National average of 1.7. Incest Rape (Incidence†¦505) As compared to 15.0 percent increase in overall Rape cases, Incest cases have increased by 26.5 per cent from 399 cases in 2003 to 505 cases in 2008. Chhattisgarh (78) has accounted for the highest 15.4 per cent of the total such cases reported in the country Rape Victims Out of 18,233 reported Rape cases in the country, there were 18,239 victims of Rape. Of the total victims of Rape, 8.9% (1,622) were girls under the 15 years of age, while 11.0% (2,008) were teenaged girls (15-18 years). Nearly two-third (11,343) (62.2%) were Women in the age-group 19-30 years. 3,189 victims (17.5%) were in the age-group of 31-50 years while only 0.4 per cent (81) were over 50 years of age. Offenders were known to the victims in as many as 15,619 (85.6%) cases. Of these, parents/close family members were involved in 3.2% (505 out of 15,619) cases, neighbours were involved in 34.3% cases (5,358 out of 15,619) and relatives were involved in 6.6% (1033 out of 15,619) cases. The State/UT/City-wise details are presented in Kidnapping Abduction (Incidence†¦15,578 Rate†¦1.4) These cases have reported an increase of 17.2 per cent as compared to previous year (13,296). Uttar Pradesh (2,324) has accounted for 14.9 per cent of the total cases at the National level. Delhi has reported the highest rate at 5.8 as compared to the National average of 1.4. Dowry Deaths (Incidence†¦7,026 Rate†¦0.6) These cases have increased by 13.2% over the previous year (6,208). Out of the total such cases reported in the country around 24.3% cases were reported from Uttar Pradesh (1,708) alone followed by Bihar (1,029) (14.6%). The highest rate of crime (1.2) was, however, reported from Bihar and Madhya Pradesh as compared to the National average of 0.6 only. Torture (Cruelty by Husband Relatives) (Incidence†¦58,121 Rate†¦5.4) ‘Torture cases in the country have increased by 14.6 per cent over the previous year (50,703). 14.4 per cent of these were reported from Andhra Pradesh (8,388). The highest rate at 11.2 was reported from Rajasthan as compared to the National rate at 5.4. Molestation (Incidence†¦34,567 Rate†¦3.2) Incidents of Molestation in the country have increased by 4.9 per cent over the previous year (32,939). 19.4% of total such cases were reported from Madhya Pradesh (6,690) which also reported the highest rate (10.3) as compared to the National average of 3.2. Sexual Harassment (Eve –Teasing) (Incidence†¦10,001 Rate†¦0.9) The number of such cases has significantly declined by 18.9 per cent over the previous year (12,325). Uttar Pradesh has reported 26.8 per cent of cases (2,682) followed by Andhra Pradesh 23.1 per cent (2,310). Haryana has reported the highest crime rate 3.8 as compared to the National average of 0.9. Importation of Girls (Incidence†¦89) An increase of 93.5% in such cases was reported as 89 cases were reported during the year as compared to 46 cases in the previous year. Jharkhand (36) and Bihar (35) have reported highest number of such cases accounting for 40.4% and 39.3% respectively of total such cases at the National level. Crime-head wise analysis (Special Laws) Sati Prevention Act (Incidence†¦0) The practice of Sati is on the wane in modern times. Still sporadically, cases under this Act get reported. However, no such case from any of the State/UT was reported in the country during the year 2008. Dowry Prohibition Act (Incidence†¦3,592 Rate†¦0.3) The cases under this Act have increased by 33.8 per cent as compared to the previous year (2,684). More than one third (34.0%) cases were reported from Bihar (1,220) followed by Orissa (532) which also reported the highest crime at 1.4 as compared to 0.3 at the National level. Crime against Women in Cities (All-India†¦1,54,333 Cities†¦20,492) As per population census 2001, 35 cities having population over 10 lakh were identified as Mega cities. A total of 20,492 cases of crimes against women were reported from these 35 cities as compared to 19,573 cases in the year 2003 reporting an increase of 4.7 per cent. The rate of crime in cities at 19.0 was comparatively higher as compared to the National rate of 14.2 Among 35 cities, Delhi (3,334) has accounted for 16.3 per cent of total crimes followed by Hyderabad (1,978) (9.7%). The crime rate was significantly higher in Vijayawada (109.5) city as compared to all-cities rate of 19.0 only. Delhi city has accounted for 30.3% of Rape cases, 33.3% of Kidnapping Abduction cases, 19.8% of Dowry Deaths and 18.3% of Molestation cases, 14.8% of Cruelty By Husband Relatives among 35 cities. Faridabad of Haryana has reported 17.8% of Eve-Teasing cases (434 out of 2,434 cases). It is worthwhile mentioning that Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Hyderabad and Mumbai were more vigilant in curbing these crimes as more cases under Special Laws Local Acts were booked in these cities. 32.3 per cent (422 out of 1,907) of cases under Immoral Traffic (P) Act and 79.4 per cent (247 out of 311) of Dowry Prohibition Act cases were booked in Bangalore city alone. 20.5 per cent (392 out of 1907) cases in Chennai, 13.4 per cent (255 out of 1907) cases in Coimbatore and 12.1 per cent (231 out of 1907) cases in Mumbai were booked under Immoral Traffic (P) Act. Similarly, 80.3 per cent (297 out of 370) cases under Indecent Representation of Women (P) Act were booked under Hyderabad City only. The increase in cases booked under SLL represent preventive policing of State/UT police. Keeping this in view, an attempt has also been made to analyse the Crime Against Women by excluding SLL crimes i.e. Sati STEP TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT Transitional Housing Assistance Program Grants For Victimized Women -Victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence and stalking i.e. women now can get adequate relief through the Governments Office on Violence Against Women (OVM) having twofold motive: to curtail violence against women and execute justice for and invigorate services to these victimized women. OVM accomplishes this intention through developing and assisting the capacity and capability of tribal, local, state and non-profit organizations concerned in addressing violence Grants And Sub Grants Provided To Stop Violence Against Women -The STOP Violence against Women Formula Grant Program was constituted with an aim to encourage integrated and multidisciplinary approach to improve response of the criminal justice system with respect to violent crimes against women. Under this program, efficacious law enforcement and prosecution strategies are encouraged to develop and strengthen their policies and procedures to curb violent crimes against women. Grant Programs To Stop Violence Against Women -United States government statistics revealed the most grueling picture: one in every four women becoming target of domestic violence and approximately 1.3 million women have been physically assaulted by her intimate partner. But women in rural areas facing sexual assault, domestic or other kinds of violence are more vulnerable than their counterparts in cities. Opportunities For Indian Tribal Government To Avail Grants -Grants for the Indian Tribal Government Program are formulated to empower tribes to respond to violent crimes against Indian women, ensure safety of the victims and develop their education and preventive strategies. The Indian tribal governments or their authorized designees are provided with the grants enabling them to initiate actions and programs on awareness about increasing level of domestic violence and sexual assault against American women and Alaska native women. Financial Aids To Reduce Violence Against Women -The STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program was constituted with an aim to encourage integrated and multidisciplinary approach to improve response of the criminal justice system with respect to violent crimes against women. Under this program, efficacious law enforcement and prosecution strategies are encouraged to develop and strengthen their policies and procedures to curb violent crimes against women Grants To Help Victimized Rural Women United States government statistics revealed the most grueling picture: one in every four women becoming target of domestic violence and approximately 1.3 million women have been physically assaulted by her intimate partner. But women in rural areas facing sexual assault, domestic or other kinds of violence are more vulnerable than their counterparts in cities. Rural women have to face many hurdles while receiving assistance; even service providers have to face barriers in the different form. Us Government Grants To Indian Tribal Governments Program -Grants for the Indian Tribal Government Program are formulated to empower tribes to respond to violent crimes against Indian women, ensure safety of the victims and develop their education and preventive strategies. The Indian tribal governments or their authorized designees are provided with the grants enabling them to initiate actions and programs on awareness about increasing level of domestic violence and sexual assault against American women and Alaska native women. DATA ANALYSIS By studying the primary and secondary data the situation of crime against women is analysed as given below: Crime Head-wise Incidents of Crime Against Women during 2004-2008 and Percentage variation in 2007 over 2008 TABLE-1 Crime head Rape Kidnapping Abduction Dowry Death Torture Molestation Sexual Harassment Importation of Girls Sati Prevention Act Immoral Traffic (P) Act Indecent Rep. of Women (P) Act Dowry Prohibition Act 2004 16496 15023 6995 45778 32940 11024 64 0 9515 662 2876 2005 16075 14645 6851 49170 34124 9746 114 0 8796 1052 3222 2006 16373 14506 6822 49237 33943 10155 76 0 6598 2508 2816 2007 15847 13296 6208 50703 32939 12325 46 0 5510 1043 2684 2008 18233 15578 7026 58121 34567 10001 89 0 5748 1378 3592 %variation 15.0 17.1 13.2 14.6 4.9 -18.8 93.5 4.3 32.1 33.8 Total 141373 143795 143034 140601 154333 9.8 TABLE-2 Proportion of Crime Against Women (IPC) towards total IPC crimes Sl.No Year Total IPC Crimes Crime Against women (IPC cases) Percentage to total IPC crimes 1 2 3 4 5 2003 2004 2005 2006-2007 2007-2008 17,71,084 17,69,308 17,80,330 17,16,120 18,32,015 1,28,320 1,30,725 1,31,112 1,31,364 1,43,615 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 SUGESSIONS Measures needed to curb Crime against Women The Government of India have to deeply concerned with these trends and ground situation and have to re-emphasized that urgent action should be taken on the following:- 1.Vigorously enforce the existing legislation relating to Crime against Women and Children, i.e.,DowryProhibition Act, 1961, Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986, Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 and Violence against Women (Prevention) Act, 2005, Section 67 of the IT Act, 2000, the display of lascivious photographs/films on computer through internet,etc. 2. The administration and police should play a more proactive role in detection and investigation of crime against women and ensuring that there is no under reporting. 3. Increasing the overall representation of women in police forces.The representation of women in police at all levels should be increased through affirmative action so that they constitute about 33% of the police. 4. Sensitizing the law enforcement machinery towards crime against women by way of well structured training programmes, meetings and seminars etc., for police personnel at all levels as well as other functionaries of the criminal justice system. 5. For improving general awareness on legislations, mechanisms in place for safety and protection of women, the concerned department of the State Government must, inter-alia, take following steps: Create awareness through print and electronic media; Develop a community monitoring system to check cases of violence, abuse and exploitation and take necessary steps to curb the same; Involving the Community at large in creating and spreading such awareness; and Organize legal literacy and legal awareness camps. Explore the possibility of associating NGOs working in the area of combating crime against women. Citizens groups and NGOs should be encouraged to increase awareness about gender issues in society and help bring to light violence against women and also assist the police in the investigation of crime against women.Close coordination between the police and the NGOs dealing with the interests of women may be ensured. There should be no delay whatsoever in registration of FIR in all cases of crime against women. 8.All out efforts should be made to apprehend all the accused named in the FIRimmediately so as to generate confidence in the victims and their family member Cases should be thoroughly investigated and charge sheets against the accused persons should be filed within three months from the date of occurrence, without compromising on the quality of investigation.Speedy investigation should be conducted in heinous crimes like rape. The medical examination of rape victims should be conducted without delay. Ensure proper supervisions at appropriate level of cases of crime against women from the recording of FIR to the disposal of the case by the competent court. Help-line numbers of the crime against women cells should be exhibited prominently in hospitals/schools/colleges premises, and in other suitable places. 12. Set up exclusive ‘Crime Against Women and Children desk in each police station and the Special Women police cells in the police stations and all women policethanaas needed. The specialized Sexual Assault Treatment Units could be developed in government hospitals having a large maternity section. The Health department of the StateGovts., should set up ‘Rape CrisisCentres'(RCCs) and specialized ‘Sexual Assault Treatment Units (SATUs), at

Dave Barry: The Evolution of a Creative Genius :: Writer Writing Humor Papers

Dave Barry: The Evolution of a Creative Genius Humor, as a creative effort, has been respected throughout the world, I’m sure, since the beginning of spoken language. There is nothing in the world like conjuring up a joke or some other anecdote that sends a group of people off into a fit of laughter. In fact, throughout time, people have attempted to make humor at least some part of their professional career. Court jesters made the royalty of the castle laugh at his foolish behavior. Playwrights have included humor in their tragic works to provide some comedic relief from all of the terribly sad events. Today is no different. The sheer number of careers available for those interested in making people laugh for a living reflects our society’s great appreciation for novel humor. Comedians, book writers, columnists, actors, television and movie writers, cartoonists, and musicians all attempt to add some laughter to peoples’ lives on a daily basis. Dave Barry, as a creative humor writer, has proven himself quite successful in the field. As a humorist, he has created in many different fields of humor, his products including a number of very successful books, a weekly column syndicated in several prominent newspapers across the country, and even a musical band. Barry has proven himself a master, and debatably, a maker, in the verbal/linguistic domain of Gardner’s intelligences. His intelligences span beyond that, however, and include proficiency in both the visual/spatial and musical domains. At the present time, Dave Barry is at the pinnacle of his career, enjoying the sweet success of creating something truly novel that millions of people can enjoy every day. The growing-up and maturation process Barry has gone through over the course of his young, and adult life reflects the transformations in Gardner’s intelligences he has experienced. The relationship between child and adult creator, the relationship between Barry and others in his field, and the relationship between him and his work have all changed in meaning over the course of his life, as reflected by the profound changes he has undergone over the course of his life. Growing Up Dave Barry was born in 1947, to a middle class working family in the small town of Armonk, New York.