The Incomparable Blossom Dearie Essays - Blossom Dearie, Dearie

The Incomparable Blossom Dearie Hearing Blossom Dearie sing is a dreamlike encounter. She is a vocalist who has a uniqueness, appeal, and range not at all like some other. A characteristic supper club artist most appropriate to comedic tunes and otherlightrepertoire, Blossom can similarly as fast pivot and bring you into the most throbbing, delightful love tune conceivable. She is the young lady you begin to look all starry eyed at in light of the fact that her verses leave you with the feeling that she also is infatuated, and you can not help yet grin. An artist, piano player and musician, with a 'wispy, little-energetic' voice, Dearie is viewed as one of the extraordinary dinner club artists (Line) Her dad was of Scottish and Irish plummet; her mom emigrated from Oslo, Norway. Innumerable gossipy tidbits encompass the inception of Blossom's name, however the story that has outlasted the sum total of what others has been that she picked up the name ?Blossom? at the point when her siblings showed up home to welcome their new child sister with a bushel loaded with peach blooms. The name Dearie, as indicated by Blossom, is a genuinely normal Scottish name ? a theme on which she has done a broad measure of exploration. (29 Richardson) She started taking piano exercises when she was five, and considered old style music until she was in her youngsters, when she played in her secondary school move band and started to tune in to jazz. A portion of Blossom's initial impacts included Art Tatum, Count Basie, Duke Ellington and Martha Tilton, who sang with the Benny Goodman Band. Dearie moved on from secondary school in the mid-40s and moved to New York City from her old neighborhood of East Durham, settled in the Catskill Mountains of Upstate New York, to seek after a music profession. She joined the Blue Flames, a vocal gathering inside the Woody Herman Big Band, and afterward sang with the Blue Reys, a comparable development in the Alvino Rey Band. In 1952, while working at the Chantilly Club in Greenwich Village, Dearie met Nicole Barclay who, with her significant other, claimed Barclay Records. At her [Nicole's] proposal, she went to Paris and shaped a vocal gathering, the Blue Stars. The gathering comprised of four male artists/instrumentalists, and four female vocalists; there, Blossom sang with Annie Ross, increasing basic approval for their exhibitions in the Mars Club, the Club de Paris along the Paris dance club circuit. While in Paris, Dearie met director and record maker Norman Granz, who marked her to Verve Records. She in the long run made six independent collections, including the exceptionally respected My Gentleman Friend with this name. Unfit to take the Blue Stars to the USA on account of visa issues (they later advanced into the Swingle Singers), she came back to New York in 1956 and continued her performance profession, singing to her own piano backup at New York dance club, for example, the Versailles, the Blue Angel and the Village Vanguard. She additionally showed up on US network shows facilitated by Jack Paar, Merv Griffin and Johnny Carson. In 1966 she made the first of what were to become yearly appearances at Ronnie Scott 's Club in London, getting amazing surveys as ?an's artist, whose most significant resource was her capacity to carry an individual understanding to a tune, while indicating the most extreme regard for a writer's expectations?. (qtd. 33) In the 60s she additionally made collections for Capitol Records, incorporating May I Come In?, a lot of norms masterminded and led by Jack Marshall. In the mid 70s, disappointed by the significant record organizations' absence of enthusiasm for her sort of music, she began her own organization, Daffodil Records in 1974. Her first collection for the name, Blossom Dearie Sings, was trailed by a two-record set entitled My New Celebrity Is You, which contained eight of her own organizations. The collection's title melody was particularly composed for her by Johnny Mercer, and is supposed to be the last piece he composed before his passing in 1976. During the 70s, Dearie performed at Carnegie Hall with previous Count Basie blues artist Joe Williams and jazz vocalist Anita O'Day in a show called The Jazz Singers. In 1981 Blossom showed up with Dave Frishberg for three weeks at Michael's Pub in Manhattan. Frishberg, other than being a lyricist, likewise sang and played the piano, and Dearie much of the time played out his

Argument for Google's position in Author's Guild lawsuit against Essay

Contention for Google's situation in Author's Guild claim against Google - Essay Example There are a lot of assets from where diverse stock statements can be had, locations can be discovered, telephone numbers could be followed, maps could be discovered and news features can be checked upon. More than everything else, Google offers a Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) stage when the client is away from his PC and this connections him effectively with the Google administrations and various spaces of which he is exceptionally partial to. The best thing about Google is that it is anything but difficult to utilize and there are no manuals to comprehend what it is about. Google’s utility has made it normal among youngsters, people. The best part about its growing business is that informal exchange has assumed an immense job in its prosperity and the publicizing is actually insignificant when verbal exchange is contrasted and the equivalent. This talks about the fondness and commendation that the individuals, regardless of how old they are or where they have a place from, h ave for Google as an organization. With regards to Authors Guild, we find that their feeling is to some degree unverified and not sponsored up with the assistance of supporting realities and confirmations. They have attempted their hardest to get Google far from the shores of book filtering and digitizing to a large number of perusers around the world. What their perspective does is to introduce a bleak image of the reasoning that the Authors Guild have and how they need to procure from every single open door that comes their direction. The fundamental issue with the digitizing and book examining perspective is that Google utilizes these portions on its site pages which are loaded up with promotions in this manner bookkeeping to tremendous profits for the piece of Google through publicizing incomes and showcasing shares. There is by all accounts no other path than to embrace the publicizing fleeting trend since Google is an open area in the current occasions more than all else and any and everyone can duplicate, view and output at all the person needs for their understanding joy. The web crawler puts forth a valiant effort to make the

Blog Archive Akibas Corner Data Center Engineers + an MBA = A Bright Future

Blog Archive Akibas Corner Data Center Engineers + an MBA = A Bright Future Akiba’s Corner is a weekly series of thoughts on the MBA admissions process and the MBA itself by MBA Mission Senior Consultant, Akiba Smith Francis (HBS ’05).   The recent heat waves across the country increased demand for air conditioning, not just for people, but for computer data centers, which house servers and storage devices. These centers generate so much heat that half of the energy they consume is used for enormous air-conditioners. Why is this important for MBAs? The engineers who design and run data centers are in incredibly high demand as companies overhaul old data centers and build new ones to make them not just more energy efficient, but also better able to perform more complex functions. According to Jonathan G. Koomey, a consulting professor of environmental engineering at Stanford, “it (the data center problem) has an economic importance that far outweighs the electricity use.” Surveys indicate that 30 percent of American corporations are deferring new technology initiatives because of data center limitations. Engineers who have the skills to design and manage data centers as well as the business foundation provided by an MBA will be well positioned in the future. They will be able to add value by planning for a firm’s computing needs in a way that holistically addresses a company’s larger business needs. New York Times: Demand for Data Puts Engineers in Spotlight Share ThisTweet Blogroll

The Movie Invictus - 1158 Words

Invictus: â€Å"Is it Hollywood or is it History?† No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background or his religion. People learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite. I have viewed the Invictus film and thoroughly researched Nelson Mandela and the people he encountered during his term in office and even during his prison time. Mandela has been one of the greatest inspirations in this world, he has shown people that even if you start life bad, there are always things you can mend back together. Mandela is definitely one of the most dedicated, encouraging people I have ever researched about. In this paper I will prove that the film, Invictus, was historically accurate by discussing the true historical people and events, summarizing the movie, and comparing and contrasting how the movie portrayed the true people and events. Nelson was such an inspiration and he influenced so many people in his lifetime, he was truly such a strong and straight forward person. Nelson Mandela was from a village of Mvezo, Transkei. He was born July 18, 1918 and he was raised in the small village. (history.com) While he was a child, they lost everything just because his father refused to go to court. For his job when he was a teenager, he ironed the Chiefs six western style suits. (Brown) He also went to a school with his family in a hut but then in 1934, he andShow MoreRelatedInvictus Movie Analysis2408 Words   |  10 PagesMovie Analysis Invictus The movie I watched and will review in the following paragraphs is ‘Invictus.’ I took this opportunity to watch this movie and analyze the leadership style of Nelson Mandela along with two others in this film. This report is categorized by a brief review of the motion picture including descriptions of events which I found relevant to the topic and leadership style of three individuals from the movie. The leadership style is done using Kouzes and Posner and also some ofRead MoreLeadership lessons from the movie â€Å"Invictus†1115 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Leadership lessons from the movie â€Å"Invictus† Invictus is a biographical film based on the book Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation. The story of the film revolves around Nelson Mandela’s efforts and strategy to unite the South African society that is torn apart by apartheid. Upon being elected as the first black President of the nation amidst severe opposition from the whites, Mandela faced an enormous challenge to reconcile the nation and build a democracy in theRead MoreLeadership: Invictus Movie Report1044 Words   |  5 PagesClint Eastwood, with his movie Invictus, notches another success which uses a rugby championship as a means for examining South Africa s transition from apartheid. Two characters are highlighted: Nelson Mandela (played by Morgan Freeman) the new president of South Africa (1994-1999) and the captain of the Springboks, Franà §ois Pienaar (played by Matt Damon). After being locked up for 27 years, Nelson Mandela returns to politics. He symbolizes the new South Afri ca in which Black and White have theRead MoreFilm Analysis : Invictus Movie Analysis1241 Words   |  5 Pages Invictus Movie Analysis Name Institution Introduction The words indicate that a leader should not always be at the forefront, but he or she can leave some duties of the position to his subjects. The case fittingly applies to instances when the people are the ones who actively participate in certain achievements and therefore, they should be given the credit for it while their leader partakes in the attainment in a passive manner. However, the leader should be in the forefront to protectRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Temple Grandin 903 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant people and their significance of their actions.. The first movie was â€Å"Temple Grandin†, which told a story of a young woman who suffered repeated setbacks from her autism throughout the entirety of her life. Mostly, ridiculed by her peers and even in her male dominated profession, Animal Agriculture. Grandin remain persistent in achieving her goals and eventually overcame her oppositions one by one. Similarly, â€Å"Invictus† follows the familiar theme of rising against adversary with Nelson MandelaRead MoreNelson Mandela and Leadership Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesthe soul. It removes fear. That is why it is such a powerful weapon.† (Movie, Invictus, 2009) To find this better approach, Mandela ‘studied’ his white guards, and literature by white South Africans to understand their points of view. â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† He also studied constantly in prison and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. The famous poem ‘Invictus’ (William Earnest Henley, 1888) also empowered him with the message of self-masteryRead MoreEssay on Media Models In Everyday Life1254 Words   |  6 Pages The movie Invictus brings up several key points about the media in everyday life. One of the most prominent points brought up in the film is that sports have the power to bring people together and unite them with a common goal. Sports are an enormous part of the media and cultures all over the world. Whether it be the Super-bowl, World Cup, or Olympics, millions of people continue to unite and cheer for the teams they support. The reason in which sports often unites people is that it givesRead MoreBlack People and South Africa860 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie invictus portrays a very controversial issue that has been presented throughout history in many ethnic groups and is seen in societies up to these days. The apartheid is clearly pictured in the movie through many of the attitudes and actions that people take towards the other race they live in their day by day. What is more, Mandela constitutes one of the most important figures in South Africa, especially for the black ra ce as he liberated themî€  from the apartheid. From those days MandelaRead MoreHow does Clint Eastwood, director of the film, Invictus, use the South African rugby team (the Springboks) as a vehicle to bring a troubled nation together?1119 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿How does Clint Eastwood, director of the film, Invictus, use the South African rugby team (the Springboks) as a vehicle to bring a troubled nation together? Clint Eastwood shows the change in the nation of South Africa in Invictus, using the Springboks as a vehicle. He starts the film with large amounts of separation, followed by the steady change in the middle of the movie, and finishing with the nation combined. In the beginning of the film, Clint Eastwood shows how separated black and whiteRead MoreLeadership in Invictus1722 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of Invictus is based upon the life of Nelson Mandela during the time he held his Presidency of South Africa. Specifically, the movie focuses on his ideas of managing the Springboks and how the opportunity of using the country’s Rugby team unfolds as a way to bring the country together. Since The World Cup is being held in South Africa during the first year of his term, he sees The World Cup as an attempt to bring the whites and blacks together by finding pride in their home team’s victory

Comparison between Two Political Thinkers and and their...

Political theories have been collected throughout history, and often shine light and cause debate surrounding the positions of common socio-political themes and topics. When studying political theory, it is important to recognize the philosopher behind the written work, and comprehend why they reflect the political beliefs that they do. This paper will compare and contrast two of the most noted and influential political thinkers and their understanding of private property. The first theory is found within the work of English philosopher John Locke. Locke strongly supported the concept of private property, and believed that the only reason society falls upon armed conflict and warfare is because of a general lack of the essential†¦show more content†¦Whatsoever then he removed out of the state of nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property† (Locke, 19). For Locke, labor’s most valuable function is that it does more than simply define a division between what is considered private and what is considered public. He feels it is labor that creates value and turns something that was fundamentally worthless at one time into something of worth. For example, Locke presents the opinion that land without labor put into it is â€Å"scarcely worth anything.† Locke viewed the world as a place of opportunity that had been given to us for our persona benefit, but more importantly viewed private property as a fun damental practice to shape a structured political society. Government and rule, Locke believed, is a trust taken by an individual. The purpose of that trust is to secure the protection of that individual’s person and property, and, perhaps most importantly, that individual has the right to withdraw his or her support in the ruling government when the government fails in it’s task and does not keep the good of the people in mind. In a state of nature there is no way for each individual to ensure that his or her property would remain safe from anyone else. In Locke’s theory, he did not believe a democracy was the only valid system of government, and had no problem with aShow MoreRelatedThe Main Points Of Argumentation Applied By Karl Marx And Georg Lukacs2896 Words   |  12 PagesIn this essay, I will reconstruct the main points of argumentation applied by both Karl Marx and Georg Lukacs in two of their well-known works, Estranged Labor and History and Class Consciousness. I will compare the two with one another in or der to develop a comprehensive overview of the difficult and complex relationship between alienation, production, the commodity structure, the ideological applications of the capitalist system and the way in which they are extended into every facet of real lifeRead More Locke On Distribution Essay3207 Words   |  13 Pagesliterature on the Two Treatises of Government was more famous (or infamousÉdepending on who you talk to), widely debated, or caused more controversy than the old Oxford gradÕs theory of property. Some are shouting from the left that Locke argues a rights claim for subsistence for all individuals, that it may even support MarxÕs theory of exploitation. Yelling back are those from the right who claim that he formulates a moral justification for capitalist appropriation of property. Then of course thereRead MoreBriefly Explain What Is Meant by the â€Å"Scientific Revolution† That Took Place in Seventeenth Century Europe, and How It Marked a Departure from Ancient and Medieval Philosophy.1603 Words   |  7 Pagesthat time period these people changed the viewpoint of our universe from geocentric (the earth at the center) to heliocentric (the sun at the center). Kepler came up with the laws, which explains the orbits, and Newton was able to come up with an understanding of gravity. He developed laws and new ideas, which could describe every facet of gravity in the universe. This was completely new and very revolutionary. It is considered the start of the modern science age. A great many other men lived and contributedRead MoreMarx vs. Weber: a Comparative Analysis1965 Words   |  8 Pagesbiography and the relationship between the two within society. (Mills, 12) In other words both theorists were de aling with the individual and society not either one to the exclusion of the other. Mills further writes that both Marx and Weber are in that tradition of sociological theorizing that leans towards sociology as a theory of history,(Mills, 30) sociology as (in this tradition) an encyclopedic endeavour, concerned with the whole of man s social life. Thus these two giants of sociology have aRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Justice Essay2336 Words   |  10 Pagesand conduct of war and standards that define the most basic human rights.1 Two central perspectives of traditional political theory of justice was formulated by Thomas Hobbes and John Rawls. The first one considered the political concept of justice in comparison with the issue of sovereignty, whereas the second one pursed an important study about justice and equality. According with Thomas Hobbes, justice is a property of relations among human beings requires government as an enabling condition:Read MoreJurisprudence: Marxism3961 Words   |  16 Pagesfirst scientific socialist thinker. His socialism was based upon an understanding of the ‘real’ material economic facts. The socialist thinkers who preceded Marx have been designated as ‘Utopians’. There were a number of socialist thinkers before Marx. Although Marxism cannot be reduced to a mere compilation or synthesis of Utopian ideas, there is little doubt that they played an important part in the formation of Marx’s system. There were important differences between the sci entific socialism ofRead MorePolitical Philosophy and Plato Essay9254 Words   |  38 Pagesstrongly felt today in the use of the scientific method, in which hypothesis is the first stage. The development and practice of this method is one of Socrates most enduring contributions, and is a key factor in earning his mantle as the father of political philosophy, ethics or moral philosophy, and as a figurehead of all the central themes in Western philosophy. To illustrate the use of the Socratic method; a series of questions are posed to help a person or group to determine their underlying beliefsRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pages[32]  Although the relationship between intellectual property and  human rights  is a complex one,[33]  there are moral arguments for intellectual property. The arguments that justify intellectual property fall into three major categories. Personality theorists believe intellectual property is an extension of an individual. Utilitarians believe that intellectual property stimulates social progress and pushes people to further innovation. Lockeans argue that intellectual property is justified based on deservednessRead MoreSystems Thinking2595 Words   |  11 Pageslearns and defines it processes and substructures, maintaining interconnected relationships, cultures and behaviours. During its march towards a modern, innovative organisation the LGA becomes embroiled in a cauldron of games which have strategic, political, autonomic outcomes. To some extent power and conflict goes hand in hand with these games as the departments jostle for advantage (survival of the fittest) as noted in paragraph 5, appendix 1. However at the top of the tree the leadership teams appearRead MoreFreedom of Speech, Comparing Freedom of Expression in the Statutory Law and the Sharia Law19992 Words   |  80 Pages15 centuries old, this gives it a historical background. Sharia (Ã… ¡arÄ «ÃŠ ¿ah) is all religious rituals that Allah (SWT) has imposed on Muslims, via his Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) regarding beliefs, rules and day-to-day life among Muslims themselves, and between Muslims and non-Muslims. It is â€Å"designed to govern the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims, whether inside or outside the territory of Islam.† Mahmoud Kamali says that Sharia is â€Å"the Islamic law as contained in the divine guidance of the Qur’an

The War Of The American Civil War - 1376 Words

The American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the north due to their lust for slavery. The war ended up being the deadliest in the history of the country with over 700,000 people being killed as a result of battle or from diseases that were obtained during the war. The north was better prepared for the war than the south due to various reasons. One was the fact that the north was industrialized, while the south largely relied on agriculture. Being so heavily industrialized, the north was better equipped to fight the war since t hey could construct better guns, cannons or even ships to create blockades to prevent the south from getting help from other countries and not everyone in the south was supportive of the war. The north also had a much larger population than the south, and since African Americans were allowed to fight for the Union, their army was larger. Arguably the most important aspect of the northern victory was that it had superior leadership in the form of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln is widely held as one of the greatestShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lo st during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War991 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War is known to most as the bloodiest war anyone has ever witnessed. It claimed the life of thousands of Americans and animosity that was built up over several years prior to it can be to blame. Most people think that slavery was the cause of this battle, and although slavery did play a part, it was not the main cause. The biggest roles played in the American Civil War were states’ rights, unfair bills, feelings of inferiority and threats to economy. The tension started duringRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the o ther hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined their cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert ToombsRead MoreThe Civil War And The American War1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of what caused the Civil War is debatable because there are several events that may have influenced the war such as the Western E xpansion, Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War. The war also stems from slavery, the North and South basically fought over whether or not slavery should be permitted. Another point that may have influenced the Civil War is the economic and social structure of the country, which also falls under slavery because the South main source of income was slaveryRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War913 Words   |  4 Pagesdisputed over the vast majority of causes of the American Civil War for ages. While some explanations may appear easier to pinpoint, the primary underlying catalyst to the start of the war was the controversy over slavery. Though the northern and southern regions of the United States fostered contrasting views on a range of issues, they shared the common perspective of promoting Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was the prevalent attitude that induced Americans to expand from coast to coast. This inclination

Health Administration for Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

Question: Discuss about the Health Administration for Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine? Answer: Ethical issues encountered by the GE Healthcare The GE healthcare is recognized for their contribution in transformational medical technologies as well as services, which is shaping the new era of medical care. The broad expertise of this healthcare may includes drug discovery, medical diagnosis, biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies etc. In the 1990s, the GE Healthcare made the first attempt to prepare an ultrasound machine, which is inexpensive. However, when GE developed their dream product and started marketing their product extensively, the company started facing many ethical issues. From the case study, it is found that there are mainly two ethical issues faced by the company. First of all the effect of aggressive marketing of inexpensive ultrasound machine and secondly the illegal use of the ultrasound machine produced by the GE Healthcare by the third party. According to aaa, it is found that gender selection is very popular business in India as well as in China and this business is thriving on the supply of cheap ultrasound machines. The extensive business of GE Healthcare in India and China caused death of more than 50 million female fetuses. It is also observed that the GE Healthcare failed to tightened their sale process, which results in the misuse of ultrasound machine by the third parties (other than registered healthcare personals). Recommendations To recover from the situation it can be recommended that the company needs to admit their responsibility of causing death of female fetus in the third worlds and higher the price of their product. Secondly the Healthcare can tighten their selling process so that only registered healcare personnels can have access to the machine. The professional and applied ethics breached by the GE Healthcare From the provided case study, it is observed that the GE Healthcare developed cheapest Venue 40 and sold it for minimum of $ 20,000 (Sabino et al., 2013). The first cheapest product was first developed in China and then distributed in different third world countries. Although the GE Healthcare targeted to market the cheapest ultrasound machine in the third world country in order to help the health care centers in the those countries, they neglected the ethical issues that could be faced by the company. According to Schleder et al., (2013), it is observed that any health care system needs to evaluate the consequences of launching their product in the market. However, the GE Healthcare failed to meet their professional ethics. It is well versed that most of the third world countries, especially China and India have male dominated societies. Therefore, before launching less expensive ultrasound machine the GE Healthcare needed to evaluate the target market and ensure the safe use of the ir newly launched products. According to the professional ethics, the responsibility for misuse of the products goes to the manufacturing company. According to the case study, he GE Healthcare indeed breached the professional as well as applied ethics. Example After reviewing marketing strategies of other companies, who successfully launched their product (ultrasound machine) in India and China, it is found that their product is as efficient as the GE healthcare (Hammoudi et al., 2013). However, their product is not very cheap as marketed by the GE Healthcare. Most of the ultrasound machines manufactured by the other companies (Samsung, Silverline Meditech, Atico Medical Private Limited etc.) are selling their product for a minimum of 2 Lakh, which is neither very cheap nor too high priced (Ross et al., 2013). The machines produced by these companies are not reported to be misused. Therefore, the GE Healthcare needs to follow the marketing strategies taken by these companies in order to maintain the applied and professional ethics. The responsibilities of the GE Healthcare on the issue of preference for male children in the developing countries The mission of GE Healthcare is to provide better care of the world in minimum cost. In addition, this company has partnered with healthcare leaders in order to be a part of the global policy, which are necessary to implement a better and sustainable health care system (Www3.gehealthcare.com, 2016). The vision of this company is healthymagination for the world to join them in the journey to create better health equipments in lower cost and improving the quality care around the world (Www3.gehealthcare.com, 2016). However, according to the case study the GE Healthcare failed to control the misuse of their ultrasound machine in the developing countries. GE Healthcare needs to take their responsibilities and control their products to be misused by the third parties (Barr, 2013). The company cannot change the mentality of the people of the society, but can ensure that their product is in safe hand. Strategy The company can address the local NGOs and work with them in order to avoid the raising ethical problems. On the other hand, the GE Healthcare can restrict their advertisement, which will in turn will less attract the third parties and reduce the malpractice. References Barr, R. G. (2013). Off-label use of ultrasound contrast agents for abdominal imaging in the United States.Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine,32(1), 7-12. Hammoudi, N., Arangalage, D., Boubrit, L., Renaud, M. C., Isnard, R., Collet, J. P., ... Duguet, A. (2013). Ultrasound-based teaching of cardiac anatomy and physiology to undergraduate medical students.Archives of cardiovascular diseases,106(10), 487-491. Ross, A. B., DeStigter, K. K., Rielly, M., Souza, S., Morey, G. E., Nelson, M., ... Kawooya, M. G. (2013). A low-cost ultrasound program leads to increased antenatal clinic visits and attended deliveries at a health care clinic in rural Uganda.PloS one,8(10), e78450. Sabino, E. C., Ribeiro, A. L., Salemi, V. M., Oliveira, C. D. L., Antunes, A. P., Menezes, M. M., ... Sachdev, V. (2013). Ten-year Incidence of Chagas cardiomyopathy among asymptomatic, T. cruzi seropositive former blood donors.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-112. Schleder, S., Dendl, L. M., Ernstberger, A., Nerlich, M., Hoffstetter, P., Jung, E. M., ... Schreyer, A. G. (2013). Diagnostic value of a hand-carried ultrasound device for free intra-abdominal fluid and organ lacerations in major trauma patients.Emergency Medicine Journal,30(3), e20-e20. Www3.gehealthcare.com,. (2016). GE Healthcare. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www3.gehealthcare.com/en

Duncan I of Scotland and Lady Macbeth Essay Example

Duncan I of Scotland and Lady Macbeth Paper MACBETH SIMPLIFYING THE PLOT Macbeth is an ambitious man who wants to be King but who originally lacks the desire to act upon his ambitions, despite the fact that he is confronted by three witches who predict future glories, including the bestowal of titles and the Kingship. His wife however, is eager for him to achieve his potential, and she plays on his human weaknesses to encourage him to kill the King and usurp power for himself. The involvement of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the murder of King Duncan at first seems to have achieved its objective. Macbeth and his wife rule Scotland as King and Queen. However, they are plagued by the belief that their reign might be ended in the same way they ended King Duncans. With this in mind, Macbeth, often without his wifes approval, conspires to murder anyone who has the potential to destabilise his reign. This is the rationale behind his murder of Banquo and Lady Macduff, and his attempted murder of Fleance. In the end however, the actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth set them on a path of self destruction. Lady Macbeth is driven insane by a conscience that cannot live with her past actions, but also by the indifference of her husband. We will write a custom essay sample on Duncan I of Scotland and Lady Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Duncan I of Scotland and Lady Macbeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Duncan I of Scotland and Lady Macbeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Macbeth, likewise deals with mental anguish, and is ultimately defeated. He is the victim of his own human weakness and of his mistaken trust in the witches prophecies, which allowed him to arrogantly construct a notion of himself as invincible. With his death order is again restored to Scotland. QUESTIONS ON ROMAN POLANSKI’S ‘MACBETH’ 1. How is Macbeth described early on in the film? 2. Who does Macbeth defeat in the film’s opening scenes? 3. What is the significance of the statement â€Å"never have I seen a day so fair and foul? † 4. What prophesies do the witches make for Macbeth? 5. What prophesies do the witches make for Banquo? . How does Lady Macbeth react to Macbeth’s letter and its revelations about the witches prophesies? 7. How does Lady Macbeth describe her husband? 8. What is the significance of King Duncan’s decree that his son, Malcolm, shall be Prince of Cumberland? 9. How does Macbeth react to Duncan’s decree? 1 0. What does Lady Macbeth suggest Macbeth should do to King Duncan when he arrives? 11. Why does Lady Macbeth call upon the spirits to â€Å"unsex her†? How might an Elizabethan audience react to this? 12. What does Macbeth mean when he suggests that â€Å"bloody instructions return to plague the inventor? 13. What strategies does Lady Macbeth use to persuade Macbeth to kill King Duncan? 14. What is meant by the statement â€Å"Macbeth has murdered sleep? † 15. Is Lady Macbeth proved right when she says â€Å"a little water washes us of this deed? † Explain your response by referring to specific events. MACBETHS PATH TO DISASTER MACBETH CULTURAL CONTEXT The Reign of King James Macbeth was probably performed for the first time in 1605 during the reign of King James. James was crowned King of Scotland at the age of three, when Elizabeth 1 had deposed his mother, Mary Queen of Scots. The early Elizabethan period was characterised by a wave of instability, most notably between Catholics and Protestants, but also by those who lacked confidence in a female monarch. James, like Elizabeth, had to deal with a period known more for its unease than its calm. As King of Scotland, James was forced to contend with a number of plots on his life. The most notable of these occurred in 1605 and was known as the Gunpowder Plot, involving an attempt by English Catholics, with the help of Spain, to overthrow the Protestant ruler of England. Convinced that he was called upon by God to rule, James regarded any attempt of overthrow as the work of the devil or witches. Given this historical context, it is unsurprising that the content of Shakespeares Macbeth was particularly interesting for the King who liked it because it dealt with the act of witchcraft. At the time such acts conjured up a wealth of superstitions. Indeed the instability of the Kings early reign led parliament to pass a law that condemned witches to death for practicing their craft. In addition to dealing with witchcraft, Macbeth also looks at the subject of Kingship. Greenhill observed that the author shows what King James most feared. (Greenhill W and Wignall P, [1996] Macbeth, Heinemann. p5) Shakespeare forces readers to confront issues pertaining to the acquisition of the crown. We are provided with a range of contrasts, including a King who ruled lawfully by virtue of decent and a King who ruled illegally by virtue of a seizure of power. Historical Macbeth While Macbeth is most celebrated as a literary figure, he was nevertheless, historically, a King of Scotland. Coming to the throne in 1040, his reign is consistent with Eleventh century tradition, which saw 11 Scottish Kings assassinated, often by their would be successor. (Aitchison N. [1999]. Macbeth: Man and Myth. p13). Macbeth rise to the kingship came after deposing his cousin, King Duncan. His claim to the throne was threefold. †¢Firstly, he was no less entitled to inherit than Duncan, given he had the same royal grandfather, Malcolm II. †¢Secondly, his wife, Gruoch, was a direct descendant of either King Kenneth II or King Kenneth III. Aitchison observed that Macbeths marriage to Gruoch was fundamental in stimulating his ambition for the kingship. (Aitchinson, [1999]. Macbeth: Man and Myth. P 65) It is highly probably that Gruoch believed that Macbeth was entitled to the kingship based on the fact that she saw Malcolm II (Duncan and Macbeths grandfather) as an illegitimate ruler, since Malcolm II had killed her likely grandfather, Kenneth III, thereby excluding her descendants from eligibility. †¢Thirdly, Duncan had a series of military failures, compromising his ability to hold kingship, while Macbeth was a capable and established military strategist. Macbeth ruled for seventeen years from 1040-1057. Though little is known of his rule, the predominant evidence testifies to its relative militancy. Given his seizure of power and his attempts to eliminate Duncans heirs, this seems unsurprising. Beyond his ability as a war leader, however, Macbeth was also known for his patronage of the church and pilgrimage to Rome. . Lady Macbeth Gruoch While much of Lady Macbeths infamy was carved from Shakespeares imagination, she is equally intriguing as a historical figure. Herself a descendant of Scottish Kings, Gruoch was probably first married to Macbeths cousin, Gillacomgain, who was involved in the assassination of Macbeths father in 1020. Macbeth later went on to avenge his fathers death by killing Gillacomgain and marrying his wife, Gruoch (Lady Macbeth), which, for Wyntoun, was an enduring symbol of the sons comprehensive victory. Beyond this however, it seems that Macbeth married Gruoch to cement his political ambitions, which were improved as a result of a marriage with confirmed monarchical descent. Given her ancestry, Gruoch is considered to have wielded some power within Macbeths court, but little is recorded of the role of Queens in medieval Scotland. We do know that she probably had only one son, Lulach, born of her first marriage to Gillacomgain. Macbeth is believed to have developed a sincere attachment to him, signified by his adoption of him, and by his provision for him as heir. SHAKESPEARE AND THE NATURE OF TRAGEDY Macbeth is considered to be one of Shakespeares greatest tragedy pieces. A tragedy is a type of drama or literature which involved the fall of a great man as a result of: †¢forces beyond his control his own error In the fourth century BCE, Aristotle contemplated the nature of tragedy. He observed that a playwright who wished to write a tragedy had to choose his main character very carefully. For Aristotle, the character had to demonstrate a capacity both for good and evil, and it was in the struggle between these paradoxes that the audience could more e ffectively reflect upon the source of his fall. In Macbeth and other tragedies, the nature of the fall is not an offspring of pure evil but of human weakness which combined to forge tragic consequences. Macbeth in the context of Elizabethan Society Elizabethan society expressed very definitive views on concepts including nature, the state and humanity. These views are integral to an understanding of the cultural context in which Macbeth was conceived. Nature The universe was nature and was an ordered structure. Every living thing had a place in the hierarchy of the universe. Harmony depended on everything staying at its own level. The State The state was a part of the hierarchy of nature. The King was a symbol of order. Obedience to the King was seen as natural. Harmony was produced by justice. Necessary virtues were justice, kindness and pity. Humanity It was the duty of the mind to keep control over the lower basic instincts of humans. Order within the universe depended on order within the political state and humanity. Analysis of Significance Whenever the system was breached, whenever the natural law was broken, destruction and chaos were let in for example, cruelty would replace kindness. This meant, for example, that to disturb order in the political arena was to lead to the chaos of war. This in turn, led to an erosion of individual humanity and personal chaos. God King Mind Nobles Soul Commoners Animals Base Instinct Inanimates Question In what ways did Macbeth and Lady Macbeth upset the principles that governed the Elizabethan understanding of nature, the state and humanity? What was the consequence of this upset? MACBETH AN OVERVIEW DISCOURSESDOMINANT POSITION Power / Ambition Deceit / Treachery Evil Masculinity Femininity Humanity / Human Weakness Leadership Shakespeares Macbeth provides readers with an enduring reminder of the poisonous and corruptive nature of ambition, by highlighting the tragic fall of the two main characters. Readers are positioned to view both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as individuals who, governed by their greed for power, set about on a course which leads to their own self-destruction. In this context, Shakespeare also explores the promise of ambition; suggesting that ill-gained ends proffer a hollow reward. Acts taken to secure power and prosperity turn against their maker, leading them on a path of inner conflict and turmoil. OPPOSITIONAL DISCOURSES IN MACBETH Semiotic theorists have argued that the process of meaning making is often constructed in relation to oppositions. In other words, receivers understand what something is, in relation to what it is not. In this context, many of the underlying discourses of Macbeth are constructed through oppositions. The three main oppositions in Macbeth include: †¢Chaos vs Order †¢Light vs Darkness Imagery †¢Appearance vs Reality Chaos versus Order In the early orientation phase of the text, readers are presented with a struggle between order and chaos. In declaring war on Scotland the King of Norway, assisted by the traitorous Thane of Cawdor, had set about to destabilise Duncans rule, bringing about disorder. When the Thane of Cawdor is killed and the Norweigian army defeated by Macbeth, order is temporarily restored. This restoration of order and peacefulness is constructed as a positive, signified by the Kings appreciation of Macbeths achievements and the celebratory gathering of the warring party. From the moment Macbeth and Lady Macbeth decide to kill Duncan, order is eroded and chaos ensues. The intensity of the chaos rises as the plot develops. The chaos exists internally, in the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, but also externally, within Scotland as a whole. The following quotes attest to the growing nature of chaos and the erosion of order within the text. Macbeth does murder sleep. Macbeth shall sleep no more. (ActII:ii) The night has been unruly. Where we lay, our chimneys were blown down and, as they say, Lamentings heard ithair, strange screams of death. (Act II:iii) Each new morn, new widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows strike heaven on the face (Act IV:iii) Light versus Darkness Imagery The use of light and darkness imagery within the text assists the author in the construction of representations of good and evil. A highly superstitious society, the Elizabethans feared the night, associating it with potential evil. This socio-cultural fear is used effectively by Shakespeare to communicate the principal conflict between those who fight for order (the good) versus those who destroy order (the bad). The witches, for instance, are referred to as instruments of darkness and are associated with the evil that occurs in the plot development. Macbeth uses light / dark imagery to alert the audience to his growing ambition. For instance: Stars, hide your fires; let not light see my black and deep desires.. (Act I:iv). Lady Macbeth, likewise extends this imagery, calling on the thick night, [to] pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark. (Act I:v) Many of the most violent events of the play take place at night. The murder of King Duncan, for instance, comes when The moon is down (Act II: i), likewise Banquo and Fleance are attacked while the two murderers were waiting in darkness. Towards the end of the play, when Lady Macbeth has been driven insane by her own evil deeds, the gentlewoman attending her tells the readers that she requires the light to be left on, signifying that she is deeply afraid of the dark a metaphor for her own evil. This imagery is continued by Macbeth, who, sick of living observes Out, out, brief candle! (Act V:v) and I gin to be aweary of the sun (Act V:v) Appearance versus Reality Much of the enjoyment audiences / readers derive from Macbeth is as a result of the shock of uncovering the true mask of characters who appear to be what they are not. To this end, the discourse of the deceptiveness of appearances is integral both to our understanding of character but also in the construction of the dominant viewpoint. In the opening phase of the novel, for instance, readers are alerted by the witches to the paradox, Fair is foul, and foul is fair (Act I:i) suggesting that all is not what it seems. As an extension of this idea, Duncan refers to Macbeth as noble Macbeth (Act I:ii), yet later we see him constructed as capable of murder. For Lady Macbeth, the appearance of propriety rather than the possession of it, was a useful weapon. When she advises her husband to look like an innocent flower but be the serpent undert (Act I:v), she alerts the reader to the potential for deception despite the appearance of bravery and nobility. This is confirmed by Macbeth who observed, False face must hide what the false heart doth know. (Act I: vii) In this sense, the reader is aware of what King Duncan is not, and we quickly become acquainted with the horrible price of his ignorance. In addition to alerting readers to the potential for duplicity, the construction of the appearance versus reality discourse also encourages a re-examination of initial conclusions. This is particularly true of the witches prophecies, which clearly demonstrate a gap between appearance and reality. Macbeth for instance assumes that he will not be beaten by any man born of woman (Act IV:i), yet he later discovers that all is not what it appears to be. Similarly, while readers are more likely to judge Lady Macbeth as a conniving villain lacking feminine warmth we come to view her as a tragic character whose duplicitous resolve is undermined by her husbands disregard. Macbeth Act I : vii If it were done, when tis done, then twere well It were done quickly; if th assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch, With his surcease, success; that but this blow Might be the be all and the end all here, But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, Wed jump the life to come. But in these cases, We still have judgement here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which, being taught, Return to plague the inventor; this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisond chalice To our own lips. Hes here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself. Besides, this Duncan Hat borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongud, against The deep damnation of his taking-off; And pity, like a naked new-born babe, Striding the blast, or heavens cherubin, horsd Upon the sightless couriers of the air, Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye, That tears shall drown the wind. I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which oer-leaps itself And falls on the other. TASK 1. What dominant viewpoint of Macbeth is the reader being encouraged to adopt? What aspects of his character have been privileged within this scene? 2. Establish a modern context for this scene. Transform it, in keeping with the discourses, by using modern language. LADY MACBETH Of all the characters in the play Lady Macbeth is arguably the most controversial. Her infamy can be attributed to a range of factors including: †¢Her role in the assassination of King Duncan, and subsequently, her husbands downfall †¢Her relinquishing of quintessential female attributes Her path to self destruction and insanity Consider the following scenes to assess Lady Macbeths impact on her husband and her role in creating Shakespeares dominant position. SceneSubjectLady Macbeths actions / positionTechniques of persuasion Act I: vThe reading of the letter Act I: viiPersuading Macbeth Act II: iiThe night of the murder Act II: iiiThe discovery of the murder Act III: iiThe conversation before the feast Act III: ivThe banquet and Banquos ghost Act V: iThe sleepwalking scene CHARACTER QUESTIONS LADY MACBETH 1. What aspects of Lady Macbeths character have been foregrounded in the text? 2. How do the relationship roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth transform, as the plot develops? 3. To what extent does the characterisation of Lady Macbeth encourage readers to accept Shakespeares dominant viewpoint on the corruptible nature of ambition and power? THE WITCHES The role of the witches in Macbeth has been hotly contested for a number of years. While some suggest that the witches compelled Macbeth to act in a way he otherwise would not others see them as characters who merely led him where he was already wanting to go. Shakespeare deliberately constructs them as enigmatic figures who occupy an important role in the communication of the discourses. This importance is underscored by the fact that they are the first characters of the play the reader is confronted with. Beyond this, they talk in paradoxes that the receiver does not entirely understand. Their use of phrases Fair is foul, and foul is fair and When the battles lost and won, suggest that they have the potential to offer greater insight into future events. The sense of their mysteriousness is further conveyed by the fact that they appear against the backdrop of thunder and lightning, so the audience immediately understand them to be suspicious characters who portend evil. This is confirmed in their meetings with Macbeth, when they demonstrate a power for prophecy that upsets the Elizabethan idea of a natural order. Complete the table below to analyse the affect of the witches prophesising on Macbeths attitude and actions. The Witches PropheciesMacbeths Reactions 1. Thane of Glamis 2. Thane of Cawdor 3. King hereafter 4. Beware the Thane of Fife 5. None of woman born shall harm Macbeth 6. †¦ Never vanquished be until Great Birnam wood marches to Dunsinane POSITIONING IN MACBETH Shakespeares Macbeth positions readers to accept the dominant discourse on the corruptible nature of power and ambition by highlighting the human affect it has on two of the leading characters. By the end of the play, we are presented with two tragic figures Macbeth and Lady Macbeth; and, while we recognise their role in their own destruction, we nevertheless cant help feeling some level of sympathy for them. For literary theorists, this sympathy was intended by the author to achieve a specific purpose to make us identify with the discourses on a broader level and to see their relevance to our own lives. By presenting Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as human, flawed characters with a propensity for evil, rather than as inherently evil, Shakespeare alerts us to the possibility that each of us must confront our own inner demons. Nevertheless, we are positioned to recognise the shortsightedness of their actions and to be horrified by the level of duplicity of which they were capable. By contrast we know nothing about the kind of King Duncan was, the circumstances in which he assumed the throne or his earlier treatment of Macbeth. This dominant viewpoint has been achieved primarily as a result of the privileging and foregrounding of some material and the silencing and backgrounding of other material. From the outset, for instance, Shakespeare introduces scenes that highlight the ambitious nature of the main characters and the extent of the deceptiveness that they enter into. There is an inference that Macbeth and his wife have had conversations about the kingship long before the witches have prophesised it for him. Moreover, the inclusion of scenes which privilege Macbeths propensity for, and direct involvement in violent acts, contribute to our understanding of his growing relinquishing of humanity. TASK What scenes have been included to encourage a negative interpretation of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth? INTERTEXTUALITY, POSITIONING AND LADY MACBETH All kinds of texts whether poems, novels, films, even jokes gain meaning through their similarities to other texts. If this were not true, readers would be astonished and puzzled by every new text that confronted them. The term intertextuality describes the way texts of all kinds are bound together by the broader reading and writing practises of a culture. (Moon, 1992, p69) Authors have used the character of Lady Macbeth in modern texts to make an intertextual link which allows for the adoption of an unfavorable viewpoint about a particular subject. In recent times, for instance, this intertextual link has been made in relation to analysis of the r ole of former First Lady, Hillary Clinton. Consider the article below. HILLARY CLINTON: THE LADY MACBETH OF LITTLE ROCK (in The Weekend Australian, July 25-26, 1994, p21-23) Her public image is one of consuming ambition, inflexibility of purpose, a lack of human feeling. The image of Hillary that has crystallised in the public consciousness is, of course, that of Lady Macbeth; consuming ambition, inflexibility of purpose, domination of a pliable husband and an upsetting lack of tender human feeling, along with the affluent feminists contempt for traditional female roles. The surprising thing about Hillarys image problem is self-generating †¦ The only big scandal to blow in her direction concerned her errant husband, and that should have earned her general sympathy. Hillary Clinton is a self-detonating explosive. The condescending comments and snide comments have landed her in such trouble †¦ she always seems to be one smart remark away from getting in trouble. Friends of the Clintons say there is a very powerful bond between them, a bond immediately apparent to anyone who sees them together. Powerful though it may be, there is a pattern of details about their relationship that suggests it is not fully fused†¦ †¦ Hillary suffers from a massive misunderstanding of the function of parents. Hillary has been likened to Eva Peron but its a bad analogy. Evita was worshipped by the shirtless ones, the working class, while Hillarys charms elude most outside of an elite cohort of Left-liberal baby-boom feminists the type who thought Anita Hill should be canonised and that Thelma and Louise was the best movie since Easy Rider. Questions 1. Identify three intertextual connections that have been used by the author to construct meaning in the text? 2. What is the affect of these connections in terms of the construction of an overall opinion about the character of Hillary Clinton? . What dominant viewpoint of Hillary Clinton has been constructed by this author? 4. Given your reading of the play, do you agree with this authors assessment of the character attributes of Lady Macbeth? MACBETH : PRACTICE ESSAY To what extent does the characterisation of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth encourage readers to accept Shakespeares dominant viewpoint on the corruptible nature of ambition and power? INTRODUCTION = THESIS STATEMENT + EXPLANATION + SIGNPOST By privileging scenes which highlight the transformation of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth from noble and worthy characters, to individuals who are overcome by anxiety and disquiet, Shakespeare highlights the idea that ambition for power can result in the corruption of otherwise good characters who are susceptible to human weakness. The journey of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth throughout the play focuses on their acquiescence to ambitious impulses which has the affect of altering both their regard for each other and their natural identity. For Macbeth the price of power and ambition is the destruction of valor and morality. For Lady Macbeth it is the destruction of purpose, strength and, by the end of the play, sanity. This essay will explore how the two leading characters were overcome by ambition, and the manner in which Shakespeare foregrounds their undoing in order to construct an impression of the corruptible nature of lust for power. PARAGRAPH ONE = TOPIC SENTENCE + ELABORATION + EVIDENCE + CONCLUDING SENTENCE In highlighting Macbeths transformation from a noble individual esteemed for his valor to a butcher whose death is celebrated by the masses, Shakespeare constructs in readers an awareness of the trappings of ambition. At the beginning of the play the audience sees Macbeth as a worthy figure who has restored the disorder brought to Scotland as a result of the treachery of the Thane of Cawdor. He is referred to by King Duncan as valiant; the King goes so far as to suggest that he is a peerless kinsman. Yet, despite the bravery for which he is renown, Macbeth is also constructed as a flawed character whose major weakness is an ambition for power. His association with the witches at the beginning of the play highlights the fact that he is tempted by unnatural influences. Beyond this, he is described as overtly ambitious for power and the prestige of office associated with it. In Act I:vii, he refers to his own vaulting ambition. He also confesses his deep desires. Any subsequent downfall that Macbeth experiences, therefore, is attributable to his ambition. This idea is reinforced by Shakespeare when he constructs and causal relationship between Macbeths growing state of disquiet, Methought I heard a voice cry, Sleep no more! Macbeth Macbeth does murder sleep. nd the growth of disorder, both for Scotland, and for Macbeth personally. Evidence of this external disorder can be seen in the assassination of Banquo and Lady MacDuff. It is also manifested in the increasingly bloodthirsty nature of Macbeths regime and the growth of opposition, led by Malcolm, Donaldbain and MacDuff. Furthermore, Shakespeare constructs the impression of evil doing within the narrative itself, highlighting the extent to which Macbeths ambition has led to the increase of chaos and darkness. The night has been unruly. Where we lay our chimneys were blown down and, as they say, Lamentings heard ithair, strange screams of death. (Act II:iii) From a personal perspective, Macbeth is defeated by his own lust for power. He admits to being â€Å"steeped in blood so far†, and is plagued by the vision of Banquo’s ghost. Beyond this, the health of his marriage is compromised by a growing indifference towards his wife, who, in the early scenes of the play, takes an active role in the conspiracy. Towards the end of the play Macbeth’s original character has been corrupted to the extent that he admits being weary of life and attributes this weariness to his acquiescence on the night of Duncans murder. â€Å"I ‘gin to be weary of the sun. † Out, out, brief candle! Lifes but a walking shadow. Thus, it can be seen that Shakespeare privileges scenes which highlight Macbeths transformation from valiant war leader to evil King, thereby confirming Macbeth’s early prediction that â€Å"bloody instructions return to plague the inventor. (Act 1:VII) He further creates an impression of the negative consequences of ambition by associating it with growing disorder in Scotland as a whole. This is also the case for Lady Macbeth. Activity 1. Underline in a different colour pen, each of the features of a paragraph. 2. Evaluate the evidence used in the text. Does it prove the argument? 3. What other words or phrases can you think of, to begin the concluding sentence? 4. Write a paragraph that follows this structure, dealing with the part of the question that asks for an analysis of Lady Macbeth.

pythagorean essays

pythagorean essays Pythagorean Philosophy and its influence on Musical Instrumentation and "Music is the harmonization of opposites, the unification of disparate things, and the conciliation of warring elements... Music is the basis of agreement among things in nature and of the best government in the universe. As a rule it assumes the guise of harmony in the universe, of lawful government in a state, and of a sensible way of life in the home. It brings together and unites." - The Pythagoreans Every school student will recognize his name as the originator of that theorem which offers many cheerful facts about the square on the hypotenuse. Many European philosophers will call him the father of philosophy. Many scientists will call him the father of science. To musicians, nonetheless, Pythagoras is the father of music. According to Johnston, it was a much told story that one day the young Pythagoras was passing a blacksmith's shop and his ear was caught by the regular intervals of sounds from the anvil. When he discovered that the hammers were of different weights, it occured to him that the intervals might be related to those weights. Pythagoras was correct. Pythagorean philosophy maintained that all things are numbers. Based on the belief that numbers were the building blocks of everything, Pythagoras began linking numbers and music. Revolutionizing music, Pythagoras' findings generated theorems and standards for musical scales, relationships, instruments, and creative formation. Musical scales became defined, and taught. Instrument makers began a precision approach to device construction. Composers developed new attitudes of composition that encompassed a foundation of numeric value in addition to melody. All three approaches were based on Pythagorean philosophy. Thus, Pythagoras' relationship between numbers and music had a profound influence on future musical education, i...

Analyze a passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

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How the Disciplines of Computer Science and Business intertwine Essay

How the Disciplines of Computer Science and Business intertwine - Essay Example eople who have studied the discipline of computer science and information technology becomes essential businesses to progress rapidly in the market and remain competitive. Today, the competition between businesses is increasing with every passing day because of the advancements in technology. In such conditions, a company that does not use computers and related technologies leaves behind in the race of competition too. The writer has written the paper in a coherent manner in which he/she has describes all aspects of the use of internet in businesses very clearly. The paper is based totally on the effects of using computers in the business world and the need or importance of the internet in the success of today’s business. The discussion reveals that the use of internet and other IT technologies lend a hand to small companies competing on a global level. The writer as given many examples of how internet has benefited small businesses and what potential is has for large businesses. Some of the main benefits that the writer has discussed include outsourcing, off shoring, rapid progress, online advertising, social networking, and globalization. Moreover, the writer has also revealed some negative outcomes for small business using internet. However, reading the paper it cannot be said that those negative outcomes are able to overshadow the benefits of information technology for business. These b enefits and negative effects show that the study of computer science and information technology has become an integral part of the study of business management. This is also evident if we analyze the course contents and subjects included in the curriculum of the field of business management. Today, almost every university teaches some basic computer programming in the course of business management, as well as provides internet and computer knowledge to students to make them able to succeed in their professional lives. I do not think the areas of computer science and business

UV-Protective Effects of Soy Extracts in Cosmeceuticals

UV-Protective Effects of Soy Extracts in Cosmeceuticals UV-Protective effects of soy extracts in cosmeceuticals 1.0 Introduction Current changes in climate may have bothered many population of human around the globe. Thinning of ozone layer in the atmosphere aggravates the UV transmittance from the sun to the earth, which potentiate injurious skin effects when exposed to UV radiation [6]. The rising clinical cases of photo-induced skin problems covers from skin tanning until life-threatening skin cancer. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB (280-320 nm) from sunlight is one of the main environmental hazards to cause skin damage [1]. Such exposure may lead to edema, erythema, hyperpigmentation, hyperplasia, photoaging, immunosuppression, sunburn, inflammation and mutations of skin [1,6]. In photoaging, it is marked by the presence of fine and coarse wrinkles, textural changes and loss of skin elasticity. One of the therapies which has been used, be it mythological or based on factual findings, is soy extracts. Soy isoflavones are composed of glucosides (daidzin, genistin and glycitin) and aglycone (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) which play a role in health benefits of soy. These two different isoforms exist naturally in the isoflavones [1]. Though both protein and isoflavone components contained in the soy may have variety in their health benefits, the most beneficial extracts of the soy are exhibited by isoflavones [4]. It has been demonstrated to possess the physiological effects of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory activities [1] and health-benefit in cardiovascular disease [4]. In regard to the UVB-induced skin damage, soy isoflavones prevent keratinocyte death. By suppressing UVB-induced intracellular H2O2 release, it also reduces oxidative stress in the body [1]. Plus, topical application of daidzein (an aglycone) effectively reduces the cancer occurrence induced by chronic solar UV radiation and it provides UV-protective antioxidant effects [2]. Application of genistein topically inhibits both initiation and promotion of skin tumour [5]. In short, soy extracts give a wealthy health advantages in terms of its UV-protective benefits onto the skin. The following review regards the action of soy isoflavone in exhibiting the UV-protective effects. 2.0 Mechanism of action Several different possible mechanism of action appeared to be responsible for the biological health of body, particularly on the skin. Majority of in vitro research to date has narrowed down the potential benefits of soy isoflavones into the effects of skin aging through anti-inflammatory effect of isoflavones and the effects of photocarcinogenesis through inhibition of cell proliferative activities. 2.1 Genistein inhibits COX-2 activities Irradiation of human skin fibroblasts by UVB lead to expression of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) level and Growth Arrest and DNA-damage inducible (Gadd45) gene, of which both are involved in inflammation process and DNA repair, respectively [2]. Cellular responses, such as aging and carcinogenesis are caused by COX-2 expression induced by UV radiation [11]. COX-2 is an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain when there is an extrinsic stimulus acts against the body. Addition to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), isoflavones also showed inhibitory effects on the COX-2 expression. In inflammation process, expression of UVB-induced COX-2 in human epidermal cell cultures is inhibited by genistein. Due to this anti-inflammatory profile, it supresses the prostaglandin E2 synthesis as stimulated by UVB [13]. Prostaglandin is a vital mediator to cause inflammation effect. Gadd45 gene is a regulator for cell cycle and a DNA repair gene. It functions as a stress sensor and subjected to strees-signaling responses, be it physiological or environmental stressors. Stressful conditions, such as ionizing radiation induce Gadd45 gene expression [7]. Consequently, this leads to cell cycle arrest, cell survival and senescence, DNA repair or apoptosis. The mechanism of Gadd45 protein coordinates the responses of cells towards the stressors is unclear [7]. 2.2 Glucoside combination proves more beneficial In a study conducted by Iovine et.al, treatment of UVB-induced DNA damage by using genistin or daidzin before irradiation did not show significant prevention of the damage. In other way around, treatment using glucoside combination of genistein and daidzin proved most effective protection against UVB-induced DNA damage [2]. This is also supported by another report by Iovine et al which showed that the combination of isoflavones (in this case is genistein and daidzein) proved more effectively in preventing DNA damage caused by UVB [7]. 2.3 Inhibition of tyrosine protein kinases and phosphorylation of EGF-receptor Phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs as physiologic doses of UVB radiation are exposed to human keratinocytes [15]. Usage of isoflavone such as genistein blocks the action of tyrosine kinases (TPK) and phosphorylation of EGF-R, thus hindering the intracellular signalling pathway in human keratinocytes [9]. It is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor and may inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation [4]. Irradiation by UVB substantially initiates the phosphorylation of EGF-R and mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) [10]. H202 plays a significant role in this process. UVB exposure to human keratinocytes generates H2O2, which mediates EGF-R phosphorylation [15]. This phosphorylation process can be inhibited by dose-dependently incubate or treat with genistein. TPK-dependent EGF-R phosphorylation and MAPK activation are related to the initiation of transcription factors (promoting activities); release of inflammatory mediators, for instance, prostaglandins; and stimulation of cell proliferation. UVB-activated EGF-R can also lead to an increase in the thickness of the epidermis [10]. Hence, the inhibitory effects of genistein to the UVB-induced EGF-R phosphorylation and MAPK activation suggests its potential anti-promotional effects [9]. However, the tyrosine kinase effects brought by genistein have been postulated to be irrelevant to its potential health advantages due to doses required to produce such effects [14]. 2.4 Blocks pyrimidine dimer formation UVB irradiation can initiate oxidative DNA damage represented by 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-0HdG) and photodynamically-damaged DNA, as in pyrimidine dimer (PD) formation. 8-OHdG is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and aging and PD is a precursor of signature mutation of P53 genes. Formation PD and 8-OHdG in skin can be substantially promoted by UVB irradiation. Wei et al reported that in their study, UVB-exposed skins of euthanized mice were harvested for level of PD and 8-OHdG after the treatment with genistein. It was found that genistein significantly inhibited both PD and 8-OHdG formation in a dose-dependent regime [9]. In study conducted by Moore et al, pre-treatment of skin sample with dose-dependent regime of genistein prior to UV exposure can demonstrate a reduction in PD formation. An observable result can be seen in UV-induced DNA damage secondary to UV exposure in the absence of genistein after the treatment with genistein, whereby the damage has been significantly reduced in the skin sample [8]. Pharmacokinetics the isoflavone aglycone forms have poor solubility in water and oil; thus, a special galenic mixture is necessary to introduce these isoflavone preparations into cosmetic formulations [2]. Structure/medchem Genistein (4’,5,7-trigydroxyisoflavone) [7]

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesman essays

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Alienation and loneliness are two of the frequently explored themes in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman.   Yet they can also cause other effects which are just as harmful, if not more so.   In Death of a Salesman, two of these other results are dehumanization and a loss of individual freedom.   This is a very complex web of emotions, but as Miller said, â€Å"Death of a Salesman is not, of course, in the realistic tradition, having broken out into quite a new synthesis of psychological and social dimensions† (Eight vii).   It did indeed â€Å"break out† in the modernist direction.   It is a wonderful example of the way modernist writers expressed their beliefs.   They believed that the industrialization of society caused people to lose their individuality.   Willy’s seniority at his advertising firm means very little in the larger scheme of things.   He is just one of the many workers.   He begins to wear out and be of little use.   Therefore, he is discarded and presumably replaced with someone who will do the job more efficiently.   He is not treated as a human being but as a part of a larger mechanism, a larger machine.   This crushes what little self-esteem he has left.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This mechanized society can also lead to a loss of individual freedom.   In order to survive, one must be a part of the competitiveness.   This may mean giving up having the freedom to choose a pleasing occupation.   Biff wants to find his own way and do what he wants; he is looked down upon because of his wish.   Happy, his brother, wants to be financially successful.   He knows that in order to do that, he needs to join the work force and persevere where his father failed.   In this society, one can either do what he ch... ...g the Loman family, Miller relates the larger, all encompassing themes of the modernists to a common American family.   Miller relates them, specifically Willy Loman, to society as a whole and to the smaller societal unit of the family.   He then goes on to show the psychological responses to and results of societal conditions.   Specifically, he demonstrates that interaction with modern society without some understanding of what is occurring can lead to alienation and loneliness.   These, in turn, can lead to dehumanization and a loss of freedom for the individual.    Works Cited Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds.   The Norton Anthology of American Literature.   4th ed.   New York: Norton, 1994. Florio, Thomas A., ed. â€Å"Miller’s Tales.† The New Yorker.   70 (1994): 35-36. ---.   Eight Plays.   New York:   Nelson Doubleday, 1981.         

M&A in India in Past Few Years Essay

Abstract The process of mergers and acquisitions has gained substantial importance in today’s corporate world. This process is extensively used for restructuring the business organizations. In India, the concept of mergers and acquisitions was initiated by the government bodies. Some well known financial organizations also took the necessary initiatives to restructure the corporate sector of India by adopting the mergers and acquisitions policies. The Indian economic reform since 1991 has opened up a whole lot of challenges both in the domestic and international spheres. The increased competition in the global market has prompted the Indian companies to go for mergers and acquisitions as an important strategic choice. The trends of mergers and acquisitions in India have changed over the years. The immediate effects of the mergers and acquisitions have also been diverse across the various sectors of the Indian economy. Till recent past, the incidence of Indian entrepreneurs acquiring foreign enterprises was not so common. The situation has undergone a sea change in the last couple of years. Acquisition of foreign companies by the Indian businesses has been the latest trend in the Indian corporate sector. The Indian IT and ITES sectors have already proved their potential in the global market. The other Indian sectors are also following the same trend. The increased participation of the Indian companies in the global corporate sector has further facilitated the merger and acquisition activities in India. The various factors that played their parts in facilitating the mergers and acquisitions in India are favorable government policies, buoyancy in economy, additional liquidity in the corporate sector, and dynamic attitudes of the Indian entrepreneurs are the key factors behind the changing trends of mergers and acquisitions in India. Even though mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been an important element of corporate strategy all over the globe for several decades, research on M&As has not been able to provide conclusive evidence on whether they enhance efficiency or destroy wealth. There is thus an ongoing global debate on the effects of M&As on firms. This article seeks to explore the trends and progress in M&As India. Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1618272 MERGER & ACQUISITION IN INDIA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY The phrase mergers and acquisitions (abbreviated M&A) refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different companies that can aid, finance, or help a growing company in a given industry grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. In business or economics a merger is a combination of two companies into one larger company. Such actions are commonly voluntary and involve stock swap or cash payment to the target. Stock swap is often used as it allows the shareholders of the two companies to share the risk involved in the deal. A merger can resemble a takeover but result in a new company name (often combining the names of the original companies) and in new branding; in some cases, terming the combination a â€Å"merger† rather than an acquisition is done purely for political or marketing reasons. Mergers may be broadly classified in (i) Horizontal mergers: A situation when two or more merging companies manufacture similar product in the same industry. (ii) Vertical mergers: A situation when two or more merging companies work at different stages of manufacture of a same product. (iii) Conglomerate mergers: A situation when two or more merging companies operate in different industries. The word acquisition, also known as a takeover or a buyout, is the buying of one company (the ‘target’) by another. An acquisition may be friendly or hostile. In the former case, the companies cooperate in negotiations; in the latter case, the takeover target is unwilling to be bought or the target’s board has no prior knowledge of the offer. Acquisition usually refers to a purchase of a smaller firm by a larger one. Sometimes, however, a smaller firm will acquire management control of a larger or longer established company and keep its name for the combined entity. This is known as a reverse takeover. Another type of acquisition is reverse merger, a deal that enables a private company to get publicly listed in a short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets. Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1618272 Reasons for Merger and Acquisition †¢ Operating synergies: The uniting of two firms improve productivity or cut costs so that the unlevered cash flows of the combined firm exceed the combined unlevered cash flows of the individual firm †¢ A vertical merger between a supplier and a customer, eliminates various coordination and bargaining problems †¢ A horizontal merger between competitors, produces a less competitive product market and cost savings from combining R&D facilities and sales forces †¢ Financial synergies: Information and incentive problems may cause cashstarved firms to pass up positive NPV projects, but cash-rich firms to overinvest in negative NPV projects †¢ Conglomerates can use internal capital markets to transfer funds from negative NPV projects to positive NPV projects †¢ †¢ Enhance the flexibility of the organization Reduces bankruptcy risk Objectives In this article an attempt has been made (i) To examine the presence of trends and progress of M&As in Indian corporation. (ii) To analyze year-wise and industry-wise variance in number and amount of M&A deals. Hypotheses To cover the above objectives following hypotheses have been formulated: 1. There is no significant difference in number and amount of M&A deals in between years and between industries. 2. There is no significant difference between M&A progress in manufacturing and service sector Industry-wise Trends of M&As The industry-wise trends in number and amount of M&A deals between 2000 and 2007 are presented in the Table 1 and Table 2 and the industry-wise trends and progress of M&As have been analysed on this basis Food and Beverages: India is the world’s second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The Indian food market is estimated at over US$ 182 billion, and accounts for about two thirds of the total Indian retail market. According to industry experts, the market for carbonated drinks in India is worth US$ 1.5 billion while the juice and juice-based drinks market accounts for US$ 0.25 billion. Growing at a rate of 25 per cent, the fruitdrinks category is one of the fastest growing in the beverages market. The Indian food processing industry plays a significant role in diversifaction of agriculture products, generates employment, enhances income of farmers and creates a surplus for export of agro-foods. The important reason of the M&A activity initiated in this industry are deregulation, restructuring disinvestment, restructuring by parent companies and presence of foreign players. Textiles Industry: Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, the India Textile Industry was predominantly unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stupendous growth of this industry. India Textile Industry is one of the largest textile industries in the world. Today, Indian economy is largely dependent on textile manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of textiles. Further, India Textile Industry contributes about 14% of the total industrial production of India. Furthermore, its contribution to the gross domestic product of India is around 3% only. Textile Industry involves around 35 million workers directly and it accounts for 21% of the total employment generated in the economy. However the important reasons for the M&As in these sectors are: growth of power looms and handlooms sector at the cost of mill sector which has ultimately resulted in making them sick and unviable. This has led to an increase in the closure of mills; in addition, continued and persistent use of old plant and machinery has led to low profitability in the mill sector and thereby forcing some of mills to closedowns. Chemicals, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals: Under this category companies operating in the industrial groups of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceutical, cosmetics petrochemicals and rubbers have been taken into account for analyzing the trend and progress. The drug & pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country’s demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large Pharmaceuticals manufacturers and suppliers and about 8000 Small Scale Pharmaceutical & Drug Units which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). These bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals manufacturers produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations i.e. medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs i.e. chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations. Owing to a significant increase in Pharmaceuticals exports, India’s USD 3.1 billion pharmaceutical industries are growing at the rate of 14 percent per year. It is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries. Even the number of pharmaceuticals exporters, manufacturers and suppliers is increasing tremendously, the factors that contributed to increase in M&A activity in these sectors are: Introduction of the process Patent Act in 1970, which required Indian companies to recognize international process patents. This has given an opportunity for the Indian companies to grow. This growth is associated with M&As and the emergence of WTO has brought about fundamental changes in the pharmaceutical industry. Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) of WTO require all Indian companies to comply with international patents. This has mainly happened in the form of M&As. Non–metallic Mineral Products: In this sector, cement and ceramics manufacturers are the primary players. The factors responsible for M&As are: before 1999 cement industry faced many problems like liquidity crisis, inadequate expenditure on infrastructure and costs of inputs. South-east Asian crisis brought narrowed profitability resulting to the bigger players withstanding the pressure of lower profitability and smaller and marginal players closing down or merging with big players and trying to appear favorable for a takeover. National Quadrilateral Road Project and State Government Policies to construct the irrigation projects could be other factors responsible for this boom. Basic Metal, Alloy and Steel: This is one of the oldest and traditional industry sectors in India. Companies operating in metals, alloy, steel and related concerns are grouped under this head. The factors contributing to M&As in this sector are: Slowdown of the economy during the year 1996-97, the capital markets, remaining depressed for the past couple of years, drying up sources of investment funds for industry, small and medium corporate finding it difficult to access institutional funds and export growth subjected to competitive pressure from imports. Information Technology and Telecom: Companies operating in the IT, Software, telecom and convergence sector are clubbed in industry, the central government has formed an independent department of information technology. Since the removal of restrictions on foreign capital investment and industrial de-licensing, India’s Telecom industry has shown large growth The Important factors for increasing M&As in this sector are: Consistent efforts were made by the department of telecom and its constituent organizations for upgrading and expanding the telecom networks and services and the Initiation of internet and web based developments and introduction of cell phone in India;. Automobiles and Automobile Ancillaries: Companies operating in automobile sector, locomotives, transport and spares have been included under this head. The Indian transport industry has been gradually playing a catalytic role for producing a wide variety of vehicles, passenger cars. Important factors responsible for an increase in M&As in this sector are: Globilalization is pushing global auto majors to consolidate, to upgrade technology, enlarge product range, access new markets and to cut costs. Competitive pressure and presence of global players have resulted in a number of M&As in this sector. Energy, Power, Gas and Oil: Companies operating in the field of energy, power, gas and oil are included in this group. Important factors responsible for an increase in M&As in this sector are, low rate of growth in power generation depressed the growth rate of industrial production and has necessitated immediate attention of big companies like Reliance Industries and due to unavailability of power and frequent disruptions have given an impetus to M&As in this sector..

What Romeo and Juliet Laws Mean for Teens

When Shakespeare brought Romeo and Juliet to life, he was intentional in choosing two young characters as his protagonists. Then as now, two teenagers having consensual sex is perfectly understandable. On the other hand, an adult molesting a child is reprehensible. The difference between the two situations would seem obvious. But in many states across America, from a legal standpoint, there’s little distinction between Romeo and Juliets mutual decision and the abusive actions of a child molester. An older teen who has sex with his younger girlfriend can be arrested, prosecuted, and jailed for the act. Even worse, they may carry the stigma of being labeled a sex offender for the rest of their life. The problem typically arises when the male is 18 or 19, the female is between 14 and 16, and the parent of the younger teen presses charges. (Even Romeo would be labeled a sex offender today, as he was believed to be 16 and Juliet 13 when their relationship began.) Consent and Advice Though the age of consent (i.e. the age at which an individual can legally agree to have sex) varies from state to state—and often splits along gender lines—it is definitive in one aspect: it refers to sexual acts between heterosexuals. In over half the states, sex between homosexuals is either not addressed by existing laws or is considered a crime. Recent changes in the laws governing consensual sex between minors or an adult 18 years of age and a minor 14-16 years of age have acknowledged that this intimacy is not the same as molestation. The new laws, named â€Å"Romeo and Juliet laws† after Shakespeare’s tragic teenage lovers, attempt to correct overly harsh penalties and prison terms meted out over the years. In 2007, these laws went into effect in Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, and Texas. Several other states have followed, with about half the states currently having some form of Romeo and Juliet law. Accidental Sex Offender In Florida, a 28-year-old man who’d been placed on the state’s sex offender registry was able to remove his name after the passage of Florida’s Romeo and Juliet law in July 2007. At age 17, Anthony Croce began having sex with his 15-year-old girlfriend; when he turned 18, the girl’s disapproving mother pressed charges and Croce pleaded no contest. He was then legally compelled to register as a sex offender. Florida’s new law still regards underage sex as a crime, but a judge may now determine whether to strike the sex offender designation from those previously convicted. Cases that may lead to an overturned designation would involve a victim who is age 14–17 and has agreed to consensual sex; the offender would have to be no more than four years older than the victim and have no other sex crimes on their record. Gay Bias in Rulings For teenagers who are gay or lesbian and engage in consensual sex, the laws are much tougher. A 2004 case heard by the Kansas Supreme Court had civil libertarians and gay rights groups protesting the existence of a double standard. Matthew Limon was a mentally disabled 17-year-old when he had consensual sex with a 14-year-old boy. Under the Romeo and Juliet law enacted in Kansas in 1999, Limon would have been sentenced to 15 months in prison if the boy had been a girl. But because the law states that partners must be members of the opposite sex, ​Limon was given a 17-year sentence. California state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, introduced a bill in 2019 to add same-sex relationships to the states Romeo and Juliet law. The law seeks only to bring equality to gay and lesbian offenders and still would bring sex-offender status for adults to have sex with underage teens of the same sex or for a teen to have sex with anyone of the same sex under 14. Papa Dont Preach and Dont Press Charges The Romeo and Juliet laws are frequently enforced unfairly says Mark Chaffin, a researcher with the University of Oklahoma-based National Center on the Sexual Behavior of Youth. In many cases, they are enforced largely by how angry the parents of the younger party are. 2-Year Difference 10-Year Sentence One well-publicized case demonstrating the need for Romeo and Juliet legislation is that of Genarlow Wilson, a 17-year-old who was imprisoned for having consensual oral sex with a 15-year-old female. An athlete and honor student, Wilson was videotaped at a New Year’s Eve celebration engaging in oral sex and was sentenced to 10 years for aggravated child molestation. After serving jail time from 2003–07, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that Wilson should be released; and this decision was followed by a change in state law that reduced consensual sex between teenagers to a misdemeanor with a maximum sentence of one year. Sources Man shed sex offender status under new Romeo and Juliet law. Associated Press. Aug. 6, 2007.New Laws Take Romeo Into Account https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2007/07/16/new-laws-take-romeo-into-accountReynolds, Dave. Court to Decide on Discriminatory ‘Sodomy’ Law. The New Standard. Sept. 1, 2004.Why Is Gay Underage Sex Criminalized When Straight Sex Is Not? https://www.advocate.com/crime/2019/1/23/why-gay-underage-sex-criminalized-when-straight-sex-not